Georgia's Confedearcy
The so-called modern education, with all its defects, however, does others so much more good than it does the Negro, because it has been worked out in conformity to the needs of those who have enslaved and oppressed weaker peoples... Carter G. Woodson
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Education Quotes - - Quote #4 "Learning would spoil the best nigger in the world. Now," said he, "if you teach that nigger (speaking of myself) how to read, there would be no keeping him. It would forever unfit him to be a slave. He would at once become unmanageable, and of no value to his master. As to himself, it could do him no good, but a great deal of harm. It would make him discontented and unhappy." ... I now understood what had been to me a most perplexing difficulty--to wit, the white man's power to enslave the black man. http://www.shmoop.com/life-of-frederick-douglass/education-quotes-all.html
EDUCATION PROHIBITED The Slave not being regarded as a member of Society, nor as a human being, the Government, instead of providing for his education, takes care to forbid it, as being inconsistent with the condition of chattelhood. CHATTELS are not educated! And if human beings are to be held in chattelhood, education must be withheld from them. “In Georgia, by Act of 1829, no person is permitted to teach a slave, negro, or free person of color to read or write. So in Virginia, by statute, in 1830, meetings of free negroes to learn reading and writing are unlawful, and subject them to corporal punishment; and it is unlawful for white persons to assemble with free negroes or slaves, to teach them to read or write. The prohibitory Act of the Legislature of Alabama, passed in the session of 1831-2, relative to instruction to be given to the slave or free colored population, or exhortation or preaching to them, or any mischievous influence attempted to be exerted over them, is sufficiently penal. Laws of similar import are presumed to exist in the other slaveholding States; but in Louisiana, the law is armed with tenfold severity. It not only forbids any person teaching slaves to read or write, but it declares, that any person using language in any public discourse, from the bar, bench, stage, or pulpit, or in any other place, or in any private conversation, or making use of any signs or actions having a tendency to produce discontent among the free colored population, or insubordination among the slaves, or who shall be knowingly instrumental in bringing into the State any paper, book, or pamphlet, having the like tendency, shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment or death, at the discretion of the Court.” http://www.dinsdoc.com/goodell-1-2-6.htm
Still Separate, Still Unequal: America's Educational Apartheid
JONATHAN KOZOL / Harper's Magazine v.311, n.1864 1sep2005
The Problem We All Live With by Norman Rockwell. Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum at Stockbridge, Mass.
In Chicago, by the academic year 2002-2003, 87 percent of public-school enrollment was black or Hispanic; less than 10 percent of children in the schools were white. In Washington, D.C., 94 percent of children were black or Hispanic; less than 5 percent were white. In St. Louis, 82 percent of the student population were black or Hispanic; in Philadelphia and Cleveland, 79 percent; in Los Angeles, 84 percent, in Detroit, 96 percent; in Baltimore, 89 percent. In New York City, nearly three quarters of the students were black or Hispanic.
Even these statistics, as stark as they are, cannot begin to convey how deeply isolated children in the poorest and most segregated sections of these cities have become. In the typically colossal high schools of the Bronx, for instance, more than 90 percent of students (in most cases, more than 95 percent) are black or Hispanic. At John F. Kennedy High School in 2003, 93 percent of the enrollment of more than 4,000 students were black and Hispanic; only 3.5 percent of students at the school were white. At Harry S. Truman High School, black and Hispanic students represented 96 percent of the enrollment of 2,700 students; 2 percent were white. At Adlai Stevenson High School, which enrolls 3,400 students, blacks and Hispanics made up 97 percent of the student population; a mere eight tenths of one percent were white.
http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/2005/American-Apartheid-Education1sep05.htm
The image is an illustration from an original March 9, 1861 edition of Harper's Weekly, the most popular illustrated newspaper of the day. The illustration is captioned "Inauguration of President Jefferson Davis of the Southern Confederacy, at Montgomery, Alabama, February 18, 1861." http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/Inauguration_of_Davis.htm
The funeral procession for Jefferson Davis winds through the French Quarter in New Orleans on December 11, 1889. An estimated 200,000 people lined the streets. Davis died early on December 6, and over 70,000 people viewed his remains at New Orleans City Hall. The body was laid to rest in a vault in Metairie Cemetery, then was taken to Richmond in 1893 and reinterred at Hollywood Cemetery.
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Amendment XIV (14) -- 1868 Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. ..5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by approptiate legislation, the provisions of this article.
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Confederate Month plan advances in Georgia: 3/20/07 A panel of Georgia lawmakers signed off Thursday on a plan to create a Confederate heritage month, even as legislative leaders reacted coolly to a push to apologize for the state's role in slavery. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17637260/from/ET/
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James Habersham 1712-1775 
George Whitefield 1714-1770 ...In 1749 the trustees for Georgia permitted the legal introduction of slaves into the colony. Leaders of the time, men such as James Habersham and the evangelist George Whitefield, proposed that the colony could not prosper unless slave labor was allowed to work Georgia farms. http://www.gavoyager.com/GLCfiles/blackhist1.html
(Georgia) In 1820 the slave population stood at 149,656; in 1840 the slave population had increased to 280,944; and in 1860, on the eve of the Civil War, some 462,198 slaves constituted 44 percent of the state's total population. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1019
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Cabins where slaves were raised for market- -The famous Hermitage, Savannah, Georgia. New York: Underwood & Underwood, publishers, 1903. http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/slavery/ig/Slavery-Photographs-and-Images/Slave-Cabins.htm
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"Auction & Negro Sales," Slave Market..Whitehall Street. Atlanta, Ga. 1864. http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/slavery/ig/Slavery-Photographs-and-Images/Auction-House.htm
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Advertisement for Slave Sale, Georgia, 1860 http://negroartist.com/Slave%20Sales%20and%20Auctions%20African%20Coast%20and%20the%20Americas/pages/Advertisement%20for%20Slave%20Sale,%20Georgia,%201860_jpg.htm
(Roger B. Taney) - Dred Scott v. Sanford: March of 1857, the United States Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, a former slave owner, declared that "beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations, and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect." and all blacks -- slaves as well as free -- were not and could never become citizens of the United States. The court also declared the 1820 Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, thus permitting slavery in all of the country's territories. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2933t.html
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Alexander Hamilton Stephens, (1812 - 1883) Ga. vice president of the Confederacy: Cornerstone Speech March 21, 1861 Savannah, Georgia …The constitution, it is true, secured every essential guarantee to the institution while it should last, and hence no argument can be justly urged against the constitutional guarantees thus secured, because of the common sentiment of the day. Those ideas, however, were fundamentally wrong. They rested upon the assumption of the equality of races. This was an error. It was a sandy foundation, and the government built upon it fell when the "storm came and the wind blew." ...Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its corner- stone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition. This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth…Many governments have been founded upon the principle of the subordination and serfdom of certain classes of the same race; such were and are in violation of the laws of nature. Our system commits no such violation of nature's laws. "With us, all of the white race, however high or low, rich or poor, are equal in the eye of the law. Not so with the negro. Subordination is his place. He, by nature, or by the curse against Canaan, is fitted for that condition which he occupies in our system. It is, indeed, in conformity with the ordinance of the Creator. It is not for us to inquire into the wisdom of His ordinances, or to question them. For His own purposes, He has made one race to differ from another, as He has made one star to differ from another star in glory. "The great objects of humanity are best attained when there is conformity to His laws and decrees, in the formation of governments as well as in all things else." http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documentprint=76
"You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace."
General William Tecumseh Sherman to the Mayor and Councilmen of Atlanta: In the mind of General William Tecumseh Sherman, who made famous the phrase "War is hell," there was no doubt as to the integrity of the North's cause. Sherman was renowned as a fierce - some would say tyrannical - military leader, and in September 1864 he gave orders for the city of Atlanta to be evacuated and burned. Despite appeals from the citizens of Atlanta, including reminders that there were elderly and pregnant women whom it would be difficult and even perilous to move, Sherman's decision was final. He explained himself to the mayor and council members of the city. http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/sherman/sherman-to-burn-atlanta.html
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DESTRUCTION OF THE DEPOTS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND
MANUFACTORIES AT ATLANTA, GEORGIA, NOVEMBER 15, 1864.
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THE FOURTEENTH AND TWENTIETH CORPS MOVING OUT OF ATLANTA, NOVEMBER 15, 1864. http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1865/january/burning-atlanta.htm
.The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced.[1] On September 22, 1862, Lincoln announced that he would issue a formal emancipation of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863. The actual order was signed and issued January 1, 1863; it named the locations under Confederate control where it would apply. Lincoln issued the Executive Order by his authority as "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy" under Article II, section 2 of the United States Constitution.[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation
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SharecroppingSharecropping was an agricultural labor system
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Origins
Sharecropping evolved following the failure of both the contract labor system and land reform after the Civil War (1861-65). The contract labor system, administered by the Freedmen's Bureau, was
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By 1910 sharecroppers operated 37 percent of the state's 291,027 farms. Tenancy rates in general and sharecropping rates in particular were highest in those portions of the state that grew mostly cotton. In 1910, for instance, Burke, Dooly, and Houston counties led the state's cotton production, and each had higher than average rates of tenant-operated farms and sharecropper populations.
The Labor System
The
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This
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Though much has been made of the system of peonage that kept sharecroppers in perpetual debt, tying workers to the same plantation year after year, there is significant evidence that Georgia croppers moved rather fluidly from place to place and from one form of labor to another.
Sharecropper Life
For
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Sharecropping in Georgia ended in the mid-twentieth century, in part because workers left the fields for southern and northern cities. Black Georgians left the state for a variety of reasons, and landowners sought new technologies to make cotton growing possible (and less expensive) with fewer people in the fields. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3590
After the establishment of the Ku Klux Klan in 1867 the number of lynching of African American increased dramatically. The main objective of the KKK was to maintain white supremacy in the South, which they felt was under threat after their defeat in the Civil War. It has been estimated that between 1880 and 1920, an average of two African Americans a week were lynched in the United States.
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2717&hl=y - Lynching , between 1882 and 1930 the American South experienced an epidemic of fatal mob violence that produced more than 3,000 victims, the vast majority of whom were African Americans. More than 450 documented lynching occurred in Georgia alone... But, how many were un-documented?
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112391/plessy_v__ferguson.htm In 1896 the U. S. Supreme Court upheld the lower court's ruling in Plesser v. Furguson. The Court asserted that Plessy's rights were not denied him because the separate accommodations provided to blacks were equal to those provided whites. It also ruled that "separate but equal" accommodations did not stamp the "colored race with a badge of inferiority." Again, Justice Harlan protested in a minority opinion: "Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens."
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http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_atlanta.html The Atlanta Riot 1906 On Saturday, September 22, white crowds along Decatur street, many of them drunk and inflamed by the headlines, began to gather. Someone shouted, "Kill the niggers," and soon the cry was running along the crowded streets. Some 10,000 men and boys in the mob began to search for African Americans. Whenever the whites would see one, someone would cry, "There is one of the black fiends"; minutes later, the "fiend" would be dead or beaten senseless. Among the many victims, a disabled man was chased down and beaten to death. The mob rampaged for several days before the militia restored order. Officially, 25 blacks and one white died. Unofficially, over 100 may have died.
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Ignorant. Brutal. Male. One of these stereotypes of the Ku Klux Klan offers a misleading picture. In Women of the Klan, sociologist Kathleen M. Blee dismantles the popular notion that politically involved women are always inspired by pacifism, equality, and justice. In her new preface, Blee reflects on how recent scholarship on gender and right-wing extremism suggests new ways to understand women's place in the 1920s Klan's crusade for white and Christian supremacy. http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520257870
Urbanization: Stone Mountain, site of the founding of the second Klan in 1915
Inspired by D. W. Griffith's Birth of a Nation, which romanticized the Klan's clandestine exploits, William J. Simmons restarted the Klan in 1915, staging a dramatic kick off atop of Stone Mountain, the future site of the Confederate Memorial Carving. Simmons, who called himself a Colonel although he had never received the military rank, burned a cross atop of the mountain and started to solicit membership in the reborn Klan. This new version of the Klan prospered, bringing in thousands of members, including the first chief sculptor of the carving, Gutzon Borglum and the owner of the mountain, Samuel Venable. Because of their deep involvement with the early carving, Klansmen, along with the United Daughters of the Confederacy were able to influence the ideology of the carving, and they strongly supported the UDC's vision of an explicit Confederate memorial. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG97/stone/klan.html
Dr. Samuel Green, an obstetrician, revived the KKK on Stone Mountain, Ga. in 1944. He restructured the Klan as to avoid any claims the IRS might make concerning the more then quarter million dollars the Klan allegedly owed… http://www.kkklan.com/wall.htm
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Police Chief Samuel Roper, a former Atlanta policeman and head of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, became leader of the Klan when Dr. Green died in 1949. His reign was the shortest passing the leadership position on to Eldon Edwards in 1950. http://www.kkklan.com/wall.htmhttp://www.kkklan.com/wall.htm . .
Eldon Edwards, an Atlanta auto worker (paint sprayer), ruled the KKK until his death in 1960. He reorganized the KKK again and named it, the US Klans. By 1957, Edwards'' Klan had 50,000 members. The seven other existing Klans at the time totaled 50,000 members combined. So, by 1957, there were 100,000 Klan members. During his reign people began to realize that when the Klan lost all their copyrights after its 1944 disbandment there was no longer any legal protection on the name of the Ku Klux Klan, its emblems, or regalia... Edwards' death in 1960, launched a power struggle in the Klan. http://www.kkklan.com/wall.htm .
James R. Venable, an attorney, was a personal friend of Col. Simmons and Dr. Green. His family owned Stone Mountain, the scene of the Klan's two revivals. The Klan group he eventually founded was called the National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, which he ran until his death in the 1990's (exact date pending). To his credit, he ran his Klan much like the Simmons Klan with its regalia, emblems, degrees, and Klankraft virtually intact. Being an attorney, he also kept his Klan relatively out of trouble. Unfortunately for him, his Klan also went into decline as a result of the bad image the violent Klans had given to all Klan organizations. After the general decline of the late 1960's, Venable's Klan settled down into a private fraternal social club Klan. When he died his family folded the National Knights. Since then the name of the National Knights has been picked up and is being used by others. http://www.kkklan.com/wall.htm
Col. William J. Simmons -Imperial Wizard 1915-23
Col. Simmons revived the KKK on Thanksgiving, 1915. He was sworn in as Imperial Wizard by three men who had been members of the original KKK under Gen. Forrest. Thus Simmons established a "link" between his Klan and the original KKK. Simmons also granted a free life membership to anyone who had been a member of the first Klan. http://www.kkklan.com/wall.htm
KKK, This Land Is Your Land http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLbpIkR9aZI&feature=related
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Leo Frank was Wrongly Accused, Falsely Convicted and Wantonly Murdered: August 16, 1915 - A caravan of eight vehicles bearing 25 armed men from the Atlanta area arrived at the Georgia StatePrison at Milledgeville around 10 p.m. The intruders seized Frank and departed into the night. Seven of the cars then took back roads headed for Marietta, while one car acted as a decoy in case of pursuit. Sometime early on the morning of the 17th, they reached the outskirts of Marietta. Here, at Frey's grove near Mary Phagan's girlhood home, the men decided to hang Frank from an oak tree. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FrankLynchedLarge.jpg
.No one was ever criminally charged in connection with Frank's abduction and murder. In 1986 Frank was posthumously pardoned. http://www.jewwatch.com/jew-leaders-frank-leo-frank-case.html
List of the Leo Frank Lynchers
http://flagpole.com/Weekly/Features/SteveOneysListOfTheLeoFrankLynchers.5May04
http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/Leo%20Frank.pdf New marker will remember the 1915 lynching of Leo Frank 03/07/08
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Fire In A Canebrake: (Monroe Lynching) The Last Mass Lynching in America…By Laura Waxler http://www.laurawexler.com/html/photos.html
Ex-Georgia Governor, Eugene Talmadge Was Suspected in 1946 Lynchings: June 16, 2007 Eventually, the FBI identified 55 possible suspects, including George Hester, but no one was ever arrested. After a federal grand jury in December 1946 could not identify any members of the mob, the FBI retreated from the case. http://www.theledger.com/article/20070616/NEWS/706160433/-1/LIFE0201
Coroner W.T. Brown on July 26, 1946, places a sheet over the body of one of the four African Americans lynched... Roger and Dorothy Malcom, and George and Mae Murray Dorsey.
Georgia Gov. Eugene Talmadge attends a Democratic National Committee meeting in Washington, D.C., on Jan. 9, 1936.
Wed July 2, 2008 New evidence collected in 1946 lynching case
ATLANTA, Georgia (CNN) -- State and federal investigators said Tuesday that they spent the past two days gathering evidence in the last documented mass lynching in the United States: a grisly slaying of four people that has remained unsolved for more than six decades.
Relatives of the Malcoms and Dorseys stand at their loved ones' fresh graves in this 1946 photo. In a written statement, the FBI and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation said they collected several items on a property in rural Walton County, Georgia, that were taken in for further investigation.On July 25, 1946, two black sharecropper couples were shot hundreds of times and the unborn baby of one of the women cut out with a knife at the Moore's Ford Bridge. One of the men had been accused of stabbing a white man 11 days earlier and was bailed out of jail by a former Ku Klux Klan member and known bootlegger who drove him, his wife, her brother and his wife to the bridge.
The FBI statement said investigators were following up on information recently received in the case, one of several the agency has revived in an effort to close decades-old cases from the civil rights era and before.
"The FBI and GBI had gotten some information that we couldn't ignore with respect to this case," GBI spokesman John Bankhead said.
Georgia state Rep. Tyrone Brooks, a longtime advocate for prosecution in the Moore's Ford case, called news of the search encouraging.
"We just hope and pray they can bring some of these suspects to the bar of justice before they die, because they're all getting up in age," said Brooks, the president of the Georgia Association of Black Elected Officials.
Investigations like the one into the Georgia slayings may have gotten another boost in the past week. A U.S. senator agreed to unlock a bill that would create a "cold case unit" at the U.S. Justice Department.
http://current.com/items/89067358_new-evidence-collected-in-1946-lynching-case.htm
FBI, GBI To Discuss Monroe Lynching: March 28, 2009
http://www.cbsatlanta.com/news/19034952/detail.html
1936 lynching of Lint Shaw in Royston, Georgia -- Georgia Lynching’s - Between 1882 and 1930 the American South experienced an epidemic of fatal mob violence that produced more than 3,000 victims, the vast majority of whom were African Americans. More than 450 documented lynchings occurred in Georgia alone. Lynching refers to the illegal killing of a person by a group of others. It does not refer to the method of killing. Lynching victims were murdered by being hanged, shot, burned, drowned, dismembered, or dragged to death. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2717
Unidentified corpse of African American male. 1900-1915, Trenton, Georgia.
Gelatin silver print. Real photo postcard. 3 x 5 in. A pencil inscription on the reverse reads, "Dade County Trenton, Georgia." Purchased in Georgia. http://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_03.html
The lynching of Lee Hall, his body hung from a tree, bullet hole in head, ears cut off, discarded cookstove and trash. February 7, 1903, Wrightsville, Georgia...Lynching was live theatre. The executioners of one African American staged the lynching in a theatre and charged admission. One nickel bought you a seat and a shot at the victim. Journalists and newspaper publishers acted as press agents for these events-hyping, scripting, and advertising. Lynchings also sold newspapers. After the "opening" they reviewed the performance. A journalist in Wrightsville reported the lynching of Lee Hall for the Sandersville Progress: "It seems that the lynchers made a complete failure to remove his handcuffs and the negro is now hanging to the tree handcuffed. The lynchers used a small rope, tying the rope under his arms and throwing the rope over a limb of the tree. They did not even hang him up. He was found this morning with his feet on the ground in an apparently standing position with his head thrown back . . . completely riddled with bullets and his ears severed." http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/pics_70.html
Unidentified lynching of an African American male. Circa 1908, Oxford, Georgia. Publicizing their work was a priority for the mob that murdered this unidentified African American. A lighted telephone pole near railroad tracks created a well-lit gallery for passing trains. The cart hugging the pole was used to transport incoming and outgoing mail. No accounts of this lynching have been found in local papers or state archives. http://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_12.html
the lynching of an unidentified African American male in a coastal Georgia swamp. 1902. Coastal Georgia's whites maintained a paternalistic attitude toward blacks and had little faith in violence as a resolution to racial conflict. A lower than average dependence on black labor, a tradition of political involvement by blacks, a higher than average percentage of black land ownership, and, consequently, greater black independence from whites accounted for a significantly reduced threat of lethal violence toward blacks than in other regions of the Cotton Belt. Despite these facts, thirteen blacks were lynched between 1880 and 1902 in the Georgia low country. http://withoutsanctuary.org/pics_53.html.
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Lynching of African American male. 1960, McDuffie County, Georgia. Early one morning in the 1960s, two young boys bicycling to a favorite fishing hole happened upon this scene: a county prison farm trustee's dead weight hanging by the neck in a thorny bramble of Georgia hardwoods. After they reported it to the local authorities, the Georgia Bureau of Investigation's chief looked briefly at the scene and declared, "Suicide." This photograph was snapped, and the investigation was closed. http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/pics_17.html
Troy Anthony Davis - Executed by the State of Georgia 10:00 PM Sept 21, 2011 Rest In Peace INNOCENCE MATTERS! http://troyanthonydavis.org/
Ebenezer pastor continues fight against dealth penalty September 25, 2011 - One of Atlanta’s prominent religious leaders took to the pulpit Sunday and argued that that the battle against the death penalty should not die with this week’s execution of convicted cop killer Troy Davis. The Rev. Raphael Warnock called on congregants at Ebenezer Baptist Church to live their faith through both justice and mercy. Both were absent, he said, when the state executed Davis Wednesday for the 1989 murder of police officer Mark MacPhail in Savannah.
“I’m afraid the word justice has fallen out of the American Christian lexicon,” Warnock said. “That’s how people can worship God on Sunday and break out in applause the next week when they hear how many people have been executed.” http://www.ajc.com/news/ebenezer-pastor-continues-fight-1188456.html
Ga. executes Davis; supporters claim injustice 9/22/11 - ACKSON, Ga. (AP) — Strapped to a gurney in Georgia's death chamber, Troy Davis lifted his head and declared one last time that he did not kill police officer Mark MacPhail. Just a few feet away behind a glass window, MacPhail's son and brother watched in silence.
"I am innocent," Davis said moments before he was executed Wednesday night. "All I can ask ... is that you look deeper into this case so that you really can finally see the truth. I ask my family and friends to continue to fight this fight." http://news.yahoo.com/ga-executes-davis-supporters-claim-injustice-031409578.html
TODAY, Georgia Murders Troy Davis Dave Zirin on September 20, 2011
From day one, Troy has maintained his innocence. But he was the wrong color, in the wrong place, at the wrong time, with the wrong bank account and the wrong legal team, so he was thrown into the death house with little fanfare. Yet the tireless work of Troy’s family, particularly his sister Martina, brought international attention to the case. From former President Jimmy Carter, to Archbishop Desmond Tutu, to Georgia Supreme Court Chief Justice Norman Fletcher, to Pope Benedict XVI, to Reagan’s former FBI Director, William Sessions, to the more than one million people who signed petitions, the call has gone out to spare Troy’s life. But the Board of Pardons and Paroles didn’t care. Previously the Board issued a statement that they would only allow the execution to go through, if there was “no doubt” as to his guilt. They lied. http://www.thenation.com/blog/163498/today-georgia-murders-troy-davis
."Appeals Court To Hear Troy Davis Case" 11/20/08
http://www.cbs46.com/news/18022329/detail.html?taf=lnta
.High court turns down Ga. death row inmate: 10/15/08
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27179641/from/ET/
Supreme Court stays execution for Ga. man: 9/24/08 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26842816/from/ET/ .
Georgia Supreme Court denies new trial for convicted cop killer: 4/14/08 http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/cop%20killer.pdf
11/13/07 Condemned killer Troy Anthony Davis today will get another chance to try to win a new trial based on testimony that suggests he did not kill a Savannah police officer in 1989 .http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/New%20Trial%20Davis-Poilice%20killing.pdf
..Parole board will hear witnesses in Davis case 7/25/07 http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/Parole%20Board%20%20II.pdf
Troy Davis case - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Troy Anthony Davis (October 9, 1968 – September 21, 2011)[1][2] was an American man convicted of and executed for the August 19, 1989, murder of police officer Mark MacPhail in Savannah, Georgia.
Federal appeals - In December 2001, Davis filed a habeas corpus petition in the United States District Court.[48] From 1996 onwards, seven of the nine principal prosecution eyewitnesses changed all or part of their trial testimony.[50][51] Dorothy Ferrell, for example, stated in a 2000 affidavit that she felt under pressure from police to identify Davis as the shooter because she was on parole for a shoplifting conviction.[51] In a 2002 affidavit, Darrell Collins wrote that the police had scared him into falsely testifying by threatening to charge him as an accessory to the crime, and alleged that he had not seen Davis do anything to Young.[52] Antoine Williams, Larry Young and Monty Holmes also stated in affidavits that their earlier testimony implicating Davis had been coerced by strong-arm police tactics.[26] In addition, three witnesses signed affidavits stating that Redd Coles had confessed to the murder to them.[28] The State of Georgia argued that the evidence had been procedurally defaulted since it should have been introduced earlier. Davis's petition was denied in May 2004; the judge stated in an opinion that the "submitted affidavits are insufficient to raise doubts as to the constitutionality of the result at trial, there is no danger of a miscarriage of justice in declining to consider the claim."[48] He also rejected other defense contentions about unfair jury selection, ineffective defense counsel and prosecutorial misconduct. The decision was appealed to the 11th Circuit Court, which heard oral arguments in the case in September 2005. On September 26, 2006, the court affirmed the denial of federal habeas corpus relief, and determined that Davis had not made "a substantive claim of actual innocence"[48] or shown that his trial was constitutionally unfair; the circuit court found that neither prosecutors nor defense counsel had acted improperly or incompetently at trial.[53][54] A petition for panel rehearing was denied in December 2006.[48]
Legal experts argued that a major obstacle to granting Davis a new trial was the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, passed after the Oklahoma City bombing, which bars death row inmates from later presenting evidence they could have presented at trial. Members of the legal community have criticized the restricting effect of the 1996 Act on the ability of wrongfully convicted persons to prove their innocence.[44][52] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_Davis_case
Bill Clinton - New Limits on Prisoner Appeals: Major Shift of Power From U.S. to States Published: April 19, 1996 - Once President Clinton signs the legislation approved today by the House restricting appeals by death-row inmates and other prisoners, he will be imposing the most vigorous constraints on the constitutional right to seek Federal review of convictions since Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in the Civil War.
The new habeas corpus law, a cornerstone of the counterterrorism legislation adopted in the House by a vote of 293 to 133, is a monumental shift of power to the state courts from the Federal judiciary.
Under the legislation, which the Senate approved on Wednesday night by a vote of 91 to 8, Federal judges will be required to defer to the legal conclusions of state courts about when a conviction violates the Constitution. The measure also imposes new high standards, tight time limits and stringent restrictions on successive appeals.
The legislation includes many provisions that the President wants and that civil rights groups find objectionable. For example, it would permit the Government to deport suspected terrorists without presenting a judge with the evidence used against them; it would authorize the Government to freeze the assets of foreign organizations that the Administration considers terrorist, and it would permit the Government to exclude foreigners who belong to suspected terrorist organizations from entering the United States, even if there is no evidence that they had broken the law. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/19/us/analysis-new-limits-prisoner-appeals-major-shift-power-us-states.html?ref=billclinton
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Lena Baker Case - (1945 mugshot) Lena Baker was the first and only woman to be executed in Georgia's electric chair. She was executed in 1945, after she was convicted of murdering a man who had imprisoned her. At the time of Baker's execution, the Georgia prison system was under scrutiny for reform. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2917
Lena Baker - Ga. Woman Pardoned 60 Years After Her Execution by Kathy Lohr August 26, 2005 A black maid executed in Georgia in 1945 is being granted a pardon by the state for killing a white man she said enslaved her. Lena Baker said she acted in self-defense, but a jury of white men convicted her after a one-day trial. Baker is the only woman to have been executed in the state's electric chair. On Aug. 30, Georgia authorities will present a proclamation to her descendants, including her grandnephew Roosevelt Curry, who led the drive to clear her name. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4818124
 | Hope & Redemption: The Lena Baker Story A chronicle of the life, trial, and execution of Lena Baker, the first woman to be sent to the electric chair in Georgia for the murder of her employer, who forced her into sexual slavery. Sixty years after her death, Baker was pardoned posthumously by the state Board of Pardons and Paroles. |
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The Nov. 21, 2006, killing of 92 year old Kathryn Johnston, shocked the nation and rocked Atlanta’s police force. It laid bare the corruption of an out-of-control narcotics squad that lied to get search warrants and planted drugs on suspects....Fulton County prosecutors were forced to review scores of pending cases and ultimately dismissed or reduced the charges in 69, meaning several likely criminals went free. http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/Kathryne%20Johnson%202-22-09.pdf
Virginia High was sentenced to 97 months each on counts 1, 17, 18,20,23 and 24 all to run concurrently and 60 months on count 13 to run Concurrent with the other sentencing. The court also ordered Mrs. High to pay a $350.00 special assessment and to serve a five-year period on Supervised release following her sentence of incarceration. http://georgehigh.com/email%20and%20letters/Crim.%20Com.%208-31-09.pdf
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The NAACP also fought a long campaign against lynching. In 1919 it published Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States: 1889-1918. The NAACP also paid for large adverts in major newspapers presenting the facts about lynching. To show that the members of the organization would not be intimidated, it held its 1920 annual conference in Atlanta, considered at the time to be one of the most active Ku Klux Klan areas in America.
.http://www.inclusiondaily.com/archives/07/02/05/020507gaeugenic.htm
Atlanta, Ga. American eugenics -- a powerful social movement based on the idea that society's problems could be solved if those considered "superior" were allowed to make more children while those considered "inferior" were no longer allowed to have children -- was going strong. Lawmakers from several states had already adopted laws making it mandatory to operate on people with physical, developmental and psychiatric disabilities, along with homosexuals and other "undesirables", to make sure they did not have children. Eight years earlier, The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the eugenicists in Buck vs. Bell (1927). Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes speaking for the Court, wrote, "three generations of imbeciles are enough". Between 1937 and 1970, an estimated 3,300 Georgians were legally forced to undergo sterilization surgery.
http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/Talmedge%20%20lynching.pdf (Gov.) Talmadge part of lynching re-enactment: 07/24/07
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http://georgehigh.com/Disfranchised/Monroe%20Lynching.pdf Searching for Truth in Monroe Lynching:
The whites questioned abided by a code of silence. Blacks, too, kept quiet, petrified of reprisal if they spoke out. (1946) http://www.laurawexler.com/html/photos.html Supposedly The last mass lynching in America
http://georgehigh.com/Disfranchised/Monroe,%20Ga.pdf My Memory of the Monroe Lynching
http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/ Searching through America's past for the last 25 years, collector James Allen uncovered an extraordinary visual legacy: photographs and postcards taken as souvenirs at lynchings throughout America. With essays by Hilton Als, Leon Litwack, Congressman John Lewis and James Allen, these photographs have been published as a book "Without Sanctuary" by Twin Palms Publishers .
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Sonny Perdue won a Georgia state senate seat in 1992 as a Democrat. He switched to the Republican party in 1997. .
The Georgia GOP gubernatorial candidate Sonny Perdue http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Perdue , backed by Georgia Republican state chairman and former Christian Coalition head Ralph Reed, upheld the honor of those who died defending slavery, and pledged that, if elected, he would push for a statewide referendum to restore the old flag, nearly two-thirds of it taken up by the Confederate emblem. The Democrat Roy Barnes had been expected to win reelection handily. The election returns clearly show that rural white voters switched in droves to vote Republican, and that the flag controversy was one important reason why.(Inauguration January 2003) http://skepticalbrotha.wordpress.com/category/death-penalty/
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State Flag Controversy Supporters of the 1956 Georgia state flag marched on the state capitol on January 14, 2003, to celebrate the ouster of Governor Roy Barnes and to remind his replacement, Sonny Perdue, of the promise he made for a statewide vote on the flag issue. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2671
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On June 13, 2005, the United States Senate formally apologized for its refusal to approve any of the 200 anti-lynching legislation bills introduced during the first half of the 20th century, a failure that led to the deaths of at least several thousand African-Americans. http://www.blackpressusa.com/News/Article.asp?SID=3&Title=National+News&newsID=4316
text of the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill as it appeared in 1922. ANTILYNCHING BILL. APRIL 20 (calendar day, JULY 28), 1922.--Ordered to be printed. AN ACT To assure to persons within the jurisdiction of every State the equal protection of the laws, and to punish the crime of lynching. EC. 3. That any State or municipal officer charged with the duty or who posesses the power or authority as such officer to protect the life of any person that may be put to death by any mob or riotous assemblage, or who has any such person in his charge as a prisoner, who fails, neglects, or refuses to make all reasonable efforts to prevent such person from being so put to death, or any State or municipal officer charged with the duty of apprehending or prosecuting any person participating in such mob or riotous assemblage who fails, neglects, or refuses to make all reasonable efforts to perform his duty in apprehending or prosecuting to final judgment under the laws of such State all persons so participating except such, if any, as are to have been held to answer for such participation in any district court of the United States, as herein provided, shall be guilty of a felony, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by imprisonment not exceeding five years or by a fine of not exceeding $5,000, or by both such fine and imprisonment. http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/lynch/doc1.htm .
Here are the 20 Senators who: 1) refused to co-sponsor the anti-lynching resolution passed and 2) refused a roll-call vote so they would not have to put their names on the resolution as having voted against it. 19 Republicans and 1 Democrat, a real wall of shame for progress in America.
Lamar Alexander (R-TN)
Robert Bennett (R-UT)
Christopher Bond (R-MO)
Jim Bunning (R-KY)
Conrad Burns (R-MT)
Saxby Chambliss (R-GA)
Thad Cochran (R-MS)
Kent Conrad (D-ND)
John Cornyn (R-TX)
Michael Crapo (R-ID)
Michael Enzi (R-WY)
Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Judd Gregg (R-NH)
Orrin Hatch (R-UT)
Trent Lott (R-MS)
Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Richard Shelby (R-AL)
John Sununu (R-NH)
Craig Thomas (R-WY)
George Voinovich (R-OH)
These Senators represent a hate in America and some are still "Proudly" representing their states that (no-doubt) condoned, supported and participated in Slavery & Lynching and says: Keep Lynching dem niggers. If your Senator’s name is on the above list and you are not a kkk, then kindly contact them and let them know you will not tolerate their support of hate in America (Edited) http://www.nathanielturner.com/lynchingresolution.htm
President Bush, his Daddy, Trent Lott Strom Thurmond and his daughter
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Strom Thurmond's Other Daughter and his other grandchildren: - Some of Thurmond’s speeches now seem almost unbelievable in light of his family’s acknowledgment that Essie Mae Washington-Williams is the Senator’s daughter, as when he addressed the 1948 States Rights convention: “But I want to tell you, ladies and gentlemen, that there’s not enough troops in the Army to force the Southern people to break down segregation and admit the N.i.g.g.e.r.* race into our theaters, into our swimming pools, into our homes and into our churches.” (*Some folks state that Senator Thurmond used the word “Negro” or “Niggrah?” Listen to the voice clip and decide for yourself.)How in the world could a man who knew he had a Black child and Black grandchildren have become the driving force in splitting the Democratic Party over Harry Truman’s 1948 civil rights package, fighting Truman over such issues as a Federal anti-lynching law? http://www.rbvincent.com/std.htm
In 1978, after his election to the US House, Lott led a successful campaign to have the US citizenship of Jefferson Davis restored. Davis lost his citizenship when he became president of the Confederate States of America when southern states were in open revolt against the US government. http://www.thenation.com/blogs/thebeat/208
Republican & African American | The Black Republican List - List of 68 famous black Republicans. Black conservatives: Republican & African American, and proud of both. The black Republican list includes everybody from the black, young and famous to longstanding political forces in the African American community who are black and conservative. Republican declarations made or public endorsement of Republican candidates constitute the inclusion on this list.. Prominent black Republicans list is alphabetical by first name and can be sorted by any column. This list includes all Republican blacks from black politicians to African American lawyers. The list displays a complete list of notable African American conservatives. http://www.ranker.com/list/republican-and-african-american-or-the-black-republican-list/famous-conservatives
Herman Cain was born in Memphis, Tennessee, son of Luther Cain, Jr. and his wife Lenora Davis.[6][7] His mother was a cleaning woman and his father, who was raised on a farm, was a chauffeur.[3] He grew up in Georgia.[8] Cain graduated from Morehouse College in 1967 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics, and received a Master of Science degree in computer science from Purdue University in 1971 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain
Frank A. Jones - The Difficulty Black males experience working with Republicans - Over the past 10 years, Black males have attempted to work and function in the Republican Party, but those males who have functioned most effectively have neither been strong nor committed to their own identity. They have been males who cared only about money as the most important aspect of their being, and they allow themselves to become chattel. Former Ambassador Allen Keyes actually attempted to function in the Republican Party, and did for a number of years, but when he ran in the Republican presidential primary he saw the real conservative side of those Republicans that Powell and other Black males deplore. He gave up his political life in the Republican Party; they had failed to support him as they should, and he recognized and labeled that action as it was--racist. But because he owes a half a million dollars of unpaid campaign debt and back taxes, the Republicans were able to recruit him in a sham campaign against Illinois State Senate Barack Obama. Of course, he has given up all shame that normal, decent people have to run for US Senate from a state he doesn't even live in--he is only running for the money. Republicans are paying him and his debt. But he does not stand a ghost of a chance to win.
Black males who can work with white Republicans are those who simply go along, as Secretary of Education Paige does. For them and him, there are no broad strokes of leadership made. Paige is merely toeing the line of the Republican conservatives in a position that could do more than he can imagine. But he has worked for Governor Bush in Texas and is used to living with Bush's questionably competent leadership in quietness and without waves. For him to function is not difficult: he does what he is told, which is not much, to get along.
On the other hand, Powell will not be back for another Bush term, Thompson is leaving this term, Congressman J.C. Watts is gone already, and strong Black males who have actually tried to function in peace and accomplish something in this conservative Republican Party and Bush Administration have not been successful because of the contrasting and almost antithetical to Blacks white Republican culture they must work in.
As long as conservative Republicans, which seem to be most Republicans, only feign an effort to reach out to Blacks while maintaining a culture of white privilege and antebellum assumptions about themselves in relations to Black males, that party will be the southern white party, as it is perceived by most Black voters today. Consequently, the only Blacks they will be able to attract are the Clarence Thomas types and other intellectually weakened Black males--Alan Keyes, even though he seemed to be intelligent initially.
Finally, most Blacks are morally conservative, but today's conservative Republican Party has a conservatism that is so hostile to real morality and to Black male culture that they cannot keep quality people of color working with them. And until they show themselves capable of working with our Black representatives within their party, they will never get more than the standard ten percent of the Black vote. [] http://www.gibbsmagazine.com/Black%20males%20working%20with%20Republicans.htm
The War in Washington – Glenn Becks MLK Day Facade
Posted on June 28, 2010 by btx3
Hasn’t been this much racim walking the streets of DC since the KKK March of Aug 18, 1925. Think Beck ought to move his date up 10 days to coincide with something similar to his views -
The first Tea Baggers - Aug 18, 1925 KKK March on Washington
Beck ‘Hijacks’ MLK Anniversary for Tea Party Rally
With his critically maligned new thriller—accused by some of being a playbook for armed insurrection—perched happily at the top of the New York Times bestseller list, Glenn Beck is on to new provocations. His plans for a massive “take our country back” Tea Party rally at the Lincoln Memorial on Aug. 28, the 47th anniversary of Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech, have caused great umbrage among King loyalists, stunned that the Parks Dept. would give the Fox host a permit for that day.
It’s not the first instance of Beck Kingsploitation, Devona Walker reports on Alternet, but usually he’s just used King’s words to promote and protect himself. “Now, he is actually hijacking King’s legacy for purposes that run counter to everything King stood for. This—even more than calling President Obama a racist—seems to be the most vindictive and spiteful move yet.” Liberal radio host Bill Press, too, pulled out all the stops, saying, “If you ask me, that’s like granting al-Qaeda permission to hold a rally on September 11—at Ground Zero. What the hell were those bureaucrats at the Park Service thinking?”
http://www.bing.com/images/search?
Tea Party Speaker Calls Out KKK Members! Herman Cain, Georgia Tea Party http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qi-miawfDNU
Andy Griffith sings ship those niggers back http://www.chimptube.tv/joomla/index.php?option=com_hwdvideoshare&task=viewvideo&Itemid=53&video_id=46
Ku Klux Klan 2010 Rally in South Georgia http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxV9K3aw-h0&feature=related
Rick Perry questions President Obama's birth certificate in new Parade magazine interview: Sunday, October 23rd 2011
Rick Perry, birther?
The Republican White House hopeful said he has "no reason to believe" that President Obama was not born in the United States - but he still isn't sure if Obama's birth certificate is legit.
"I don't have a definitive answer," Perry said in an interview with Parade magazine, after being pressed for a firm answer on whether he thought Obama was born in the United States.
When the interviewer suggested that Perry has seen Obama's birth certificate, Perry replied, "I don't know. Have I?"
The Texas governor said the subject of Obama's birth certificate came up during a recent wine-and-dine session with GOP kingmaker Donald Trump.
"He doesn't think it's real," Perry said, referring to the long-form birth certificate the White House released in April.
"And you said?" the reporter asked.
"I don't have any idea," Perry replied.
"It doesn't matter," he added, and calls it "a distractive issue."
Perry's nod to the birther movement comes as his campaign continues to lag in primary polls.
A recent Wall Street Journal/NBC news poll showed that his numbers have plummeted to 16%, down from 38% in August, putting him third behind Tea Party favorite and ex-pizza chain magnate Herman Cain.
Trump sparked controversy last spring - and shot to the top of some primary polls - by repeatedly questioning Obama's citizenship and taunting him to prove he was born in Hawaii.
The White House anticipated Perry would eventually flirt with the birthers.
"Any day now, I think Rick Perry will probably ask to see the President's birth certificate," then White House spokesman Robert Gibbs said on Aug. 16. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2011/10/23/2011-10-23_rick_perry_questions_president_obamas_birth_certificate_in_interview_with_parade.html
Lifting the Hood Off Rick Perry: Was His Family In The Ku Klux Klan?
10/23/11 - Perry’s comments on Obama’s background are puzzling, considering that the President has produced a long form birth certificate proving his U.S. citizenship. For those Republicans who have become known as “Birthers,” Obama’s documention is not enough. To them, he will always be under suspicion as an alien. Whether it is his brown skin, Arabic middle name, or African father that feeds the doubters, he remains the source of heavily publicized right-wing conspiracy theories, now given credence by Perry. According to an October 12 PPP poll, 39 percent of registered Republicans still do not believe Barack Obama was born in the United States. http://maxblumenthal.com/2011/10/lifting-the-hood-off-rick-perry-was-his-family-in-the-ku-klux-klan/
http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/N.J.%20Slavery.pdf N.J. to debate official regret for slavery: 1/02/08
http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/02/24/slavery.apology.ap/index.html?eref=rss_topstories Virginia expresses 'profound regret' for slavery POSTED: 9:09 p.m. EST, February 24, 2007 Meeting on the grounds of the former Confederate Capitol, the Virginia General Assembly voted unanimously Saturday to express "profound regret" for the state's role in
slavery. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17321579/from/ET/ College pledges $10 million after slavery report: Brown University on Saturday promised to raise $10 million for local public schools and give free tuition to graduate students who pledge to work there in response to a report that found slave labor played a role in the university's beginnings.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070329/us_nm/usa_slavery_brown_dc Brown University exhibit traces links to slave trade - Yahoo! News
http://www.ushistory.org/presidentshouse/news/ww061005.htm Wachovia admits slave trade profits: After initially denying ties to slavery in January, executives at Wachovia Bank disclosed in a June 2 report that the bank's predecessor institutions - the Bank of Charleston, S.C., and the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company - "owned" at least 162 enslaved Africans and accepted 529 more as "collateral" on loans.
http://www.usatoday.com/money/general/2002/02/21/slave-reparations.htm Corporations challenged by reparations activists: They owned, rented or insured slaves. Loaned money to plantation owners. Helped hunt down the runaways. Some of America's most respected companies have slavery in their pasts. Now, 137 years after the final shots of the Civil War, will there be a reckoning? There is considerable evidence that proud names in finance, banking, insurance, transportation, manufacturing, publishing and other industries are linked to slavery. So far, the reparations legal team has publicly identified five companies it says have slave ties: insurers Aetna, New York Life and AIG and financial giants J.P. Morgan Chase Manhattan Bank and Fleet Boston Financial Group. Independently, USA TODAY has found documentation tying several others to slavery: * Investment banks Brown Bros. Harriman and Lehman Bros. * Railroads Norfolk Southern, CSX, Union Pacific and Canadian National. * Textile maker WestPoint Stevens. * Newspaper publishers Knight Ridder, Tribune, Media General, Advance Publications, E.W. Scripps and Gannett, parent and publisher of USA TODAY.
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/16/america/NA-GEN-US-Slavery-Apology.php Maryland Senate approves resolution apologizing for slavery, with Georgia possibly to follow: The Associated Press
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17967662/from/ET/ North Carolina Senate apologizes for slavery The North Carolina Senate apologized Thursday for the Legislature's role in promoting slavery and Jim Crow laws that denied basic human rights to the state's black citizens.
http://www.ajc.com/services/content/metro/stories/2007/04/24/SOU__SlaveryApology_N7791.html?cxtype=rss&cxsvc=7&cxcat=13 Alabama House, Senate approve slavery apologies: By PHILLIP RAWLS Associated Press Published on: 04/24/07
Ala. governor signs slavery apology bill May 31, 2007 Gov. Bob Riley signed a resolution Thursday expressing "profound regret" for Alabama's role in slavery and apologizing for slavery's wrongs and lingering effects.
http://georgehigh.com/gh/Ga.%20Apol.%20slav.pdf emails sent: Why Georgia Must Apologize for Slavery
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070407/ap_on_re_us/slavery_apology_georgia Ga. slave ownership could sway debate - Yahoo! News
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070517/ap_on_re_us/rosa_parks_act South offers pardons in Civil rights cases - Yahoo! News (5/17/07)
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http://www.lawschool.com/apology.htm Professor Wants University of Alabama to Apology for Slavery: Brophy, who is white, said Monday that he has discovered numerous links between slavery and the Tuscaloosa school, established in 1831. The school owned a handful of slaves for much of its early existence, and rented others, according to Brophy's research. Professors, students and at least two university presidents owned slaves, he said. Slaves cleaned buildings, planted trees, served students and aided professors, according to records Brophy has found. Though the professor hasn't found any direct evidence yet, he believes slaves helped build at least some of the seven surviving buildings that escaped destruction by Union troops in 1865.
http://gwpapers.virginia.edu/documents/will/slavelist.html The will of George Washington...Slave Lists 1799
http://genealogytrails.com/main/slaveinsurance.html Slavery Era Insurance Policies Registry...Source..Illinois Department of Financial & Professional Regulation
http://www.rootsweb.com/~gacogs/onlineresources/clarkeslaveowners1850.html 1850 Clarke County, Georgia Slave Owners: Listed below is an alphabetical list of the slave owners found in Schedule 2, often called the "Slave Schedule", for Clarke County, Georgia in the 1850 U.S. Federal Census.
http://www.afrigeneas.com/library/ga-slavebills/ Georgia Slave Bills of Sale includes the following Counties/Cities: Atlanta, Augusta, Baldwin, Bartow, Bibb and Bryan, including the slave births. They list the slave women and their children, and then the childrens, children. The slaves owned by the State of Georgia were in more than one list. The index references the 1400+ names completed so far.
The below named entities owned slaves
AHS Atlanta Historical Society, Atlanta
GAU Atlanta University, Atlanta
GDA Georgia Department of Archives and History, Atlanta
GEU Emory University, Atlanta
RCHS Richmond County Historical Society, Augusta
UGA University of Georgia, Athens
Cyndi's List: Your genealogy starting point online for more than a decade!
http://www.cyndislist.com/ga.htm
http://www.house.gov/conyers/news_reparations.htm The Commission to Study Reparations Proposals for African American Act: Over 4 million Africans and their descendants were enslaved in the United States and its colonies from 1619 to 1865, and as a result, the United States was able to begin its grand place as the most prosperous country in the free world. It is un-controverted that African slaves were not compensated for their labor. More unclear however, is what the effects and remnants of this relationship have had on African-Americans and our nation from the time of emancipation through today...
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19333322/from/ET/ House passes bill to reopen civil rights murders 6/20/07
http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/THE%20EMETT%20TILL%20ACT.pdf THE EMMETT TILL ACT: New funds unneeded for 'cold' civil rights murders 6/22/07
Reputed Klansman gets life for 1964 killings: August 25, 2007 James Ford Seale, a reputed Ku Klux Klansman, was sentenced Friday to three life terms in prison for his role in the 1964 abduction and murder of two black teenagers in southwest Mississippi. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20424056/from/ET/
'Racial cleansing' of Forsyth's blacks examined: 02/20/08 http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/banished_0221.pdf
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http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2006/09/georgia-judge-rules-voter-photo-id-law.php (9/19/2006) State Superior Court Judge T. Jackson Bedford Jr. held that the controversial voter ID law is not required under the Georgia constitution and would disenfranchise otherwise qualified voters. Bedford expressed concern with the burden placed on voters who would have to use photo ID to prove their identity: "Any attempt by the Legislature to require more than what is required by the express language of our Constitution cannot withstand judicial scrutiny." The state case is now before the Georgia Supreme Court. ##########
We would like to go on record stating that: The Voter ID law and Senate Bill 283, ( to establish April as Confederate History & Heritage month) is nothing more that a "sham & mockery" and a back-door attempt to futher Disfranchise million's of blacks and deprived them of the rights of citizenship, the right to vote and numerous other privileges, rights and/or power. Y'all Republicans have all tried to "turn back the clock" on the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Right Act of 1965, that President Lyndon Johnson achieved passage of http://georgehigh.com/gh/C%20V%20%20Act.pdf
State's voter ID law holds up in court 09/06/07 http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/Voter%20ID%20law.pdf
The Supreme Court agreed Tuesday to decide whether voter identification laws unfairly deter the poor and minorities from voting, stepping into a contentious partisan issue in advance of the 2008 elections. 9/25/07 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20972011/from/ET/
High court to take on voter ID case: 12/26/07 http://georgehigh.com/George%20News/High%20court%20voter%20ID.pdf
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Five Georgia entities; the GBI, Georgia Real Estate Commission, State Bar of Ga., American eugenics and the Ga. Department of Revenue all violated the Highs Rights under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and had a part, directly or indirectly, in the "Racist Conspiracy", framing and wrongful conviction of George and Virginia High via the Investigation, indictment, trial, sentencing, incarceration and /or the cover-up
Terry Sosebee: GBI agent and a pawn of the IRS, who participated in an unconstitutional search and seizure at the High's residence by seizing a briefcase containing a legal firearm and testified to the fact at trial and his testimony was instrumental to George High being convicted and sentenced to an additional 13 years in prison for the false firearm charges. Now Bill Salinski was the seizing agent during the search, but the prosecutor Allen Moyer nor Bill Morrison never questioned him about the illegally seized firearm at trial, cause they were all white... http://georgehigh.com/gh/terry%20sosebee.pdf
Charles Boyd: GBI agent who worked the Garbage detail and rummaged though the trash and he testified at trial and he assisted in getting us blacks convicted. http://georgehigh.com/gh/C.%20B.%20GBI.pdf.
Georgia Real Estate Commission: They colluded with the United States of America to take the Licenses of George High and High's Realty on false charges of George High being a convicted felon when they knew or should have know that all of George High's rights were restored when he got out of prison in 1962. http://georgehigh.com/gh/R.E.%20%20Cm..pdf
George High: Reply to the Real Estate Commission for unjustly taking George High and High's Realty Licenses based on the false information from the U.S.A. saying that I was a convicted felon. http://georgehigh.com/gh/R.E.%20inv.pdf
George High, submit a Claim of Misconduct against the named persons to the State Bar of Georgia, and they "trash it" http://georgehigh.com/gh/S.B.%20com..pdf
American eugenics... Atlanta Ga . a powerful social movement based on the idea that society's problems could be solved if those considered "superior" were allowed to make more children while those considered "inferior" were no longer allowed to have children -- was going strong. Lawmakers from several states had already adopted laws making it mandatory to operate on people with physical, developmental and psychiatric disabilities, along with homosexuals and other "undesirables", to make sure they did not have children. Eight years earlier, The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the eugenicists in Buck vs. Bell (1927) http://karmak.org/archive/2004/06/buckvbell.html . Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes speaking for the Court, wrote, "three generations of imbeciles are enough". Some Americans were worried that Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler was getting ahead of the U.S. in terms of purifying the "white race". Between 1937 and 1970, an estimated 3,300 Georgians were legally forced to undergo sterilization surgery. http://www.inclusiondaily.com/archives/07/02/05/020507gaeugenic.htm
On December 10, 1967, prior to Virginia High giving birth to our son George W. High, Jr. at St Joseph Hospital in Atlanta, and because she was black, she became one of the 3,300 Georgians who were legally forced to undergo sterilization surgery, as she fell under the category of "undesirables"...thanks to the U.S. Supreme ct., Justice Holmes, Adolf Hitler, The State of Georgia, American Eugenics and the kkk...
12/12/08 The Georgia Department of Revenue intentionally and arbitrarily conspire with the IRS to violate George and Virginia Highs Rights under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, for no other reason than the fact that we were black. http://georgehigh.com/Virginia/Va.Dv/DOR%20complaint.pdf
DOR response: 12/30/08 http://georgehigh.com/Disfranchised/DOR%20response%20%2012-30-08.pdf
Above all things, never be afraid. The enemy who forces you to retreat is himself afraid of you at that very moment. Andre Maurois 1885 - 1967
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United Northern & Southern Knights KKK
Another KKK Imperial Wizard and part of His Klan http://kelticklankirk.com/KKK_Wizards_and_Prominent_Klansmen.htm
The first branch of the Ku Klux Klan was established in Pulaski, Tennessee, in May, 1866. A year later a general organization of local Klans was established in Nashville in April, 1867. Most of the leaders were former members of the Confederate Army and the first Grand Wizard was Nathan Forrest, an outstanding general during the American Civil War. During the next two years Klansmen wearing masks, white cardboard hats and draped in white sheets, tortured and killed black Americans and sympathetic whites. Immigrants, who they blamed for the election of Radical Republicans, were also targets of their hatred.
Elvis Presley - An American Trilogy (Live 1973) Glory, glory hallelujah http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xcZCigY3gE
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The Grim Reaper Cometh: http://www.grimreaper.tv/
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Alexander Hamilton Stephens, (1812 - 1883) vice president of the Confederacy: With us, all of the white race, however high or low, rich or poor, are equal in the eye of the law. Not so with the negro. Subordination is his place. He, by nature, or by the curse against Canaan, is fitted for that condition which he occupies in our system. It is, indeed, in conformity with the ordinance of the Creator. It is not for us to inquire into the wisdom of His ordinances, or to question them. For His own purposes, He has made one race to differ from another, as He has made "one star to differ from another star in glory." The great objects of humanity are best attained when there is conformity to His laws and decrees, in the formation of governments as well as in all things else. http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?documentprint=76 .
Richard B. Russell Jr. (1897-1971: served in public office for fifty years as a state legislator, governor of Georgia, and U.S. senator: Russell began contesting civil rights legislation as early as 1935, when an anti-lynching bill was introduced in Congress... Russell's stand on civil rights was costly to the nation and to Russell himself. It contributed to his defeat in a bid for the presidency, often diverted him from other legislative and appointed business, limited his ability to accept change, weakened his health, and tainted his record historically. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1391
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4/27/05 J. B. Stoner: Racist convicted of bombing black church in 1958 dies: “a person isn’t supposed to apologize for being right.” http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7654586/from/ET/
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6/26/03 Lester Maddox, Segregationist and Georgia Governor, Dies at 87: "I want my race preserved," he said, "and I hope most everybody else wants theirs preserved. I think forced segregation is illegal and wrong. I think forced racial integration is illegal and wrong. I believe both of them to be unconstitutional." http://www.racematters.org/lestermaddox.htm
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All of the above KKK, vigilantes and "Racist Georgia white-folks" are now in "their Heaven", Or Soon Will be...And
A White Man's Heaven Is A Black Man's Hell http://www.mrnogood.com/general/blackhell.htm
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GENESIS 15:13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not their's, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; 15:14 And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance. The first Africans in America arrived via Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. 1619-2012 = 393 Years..
History of Reparations Payment http://www.blackwallstreet.freeservers.com/slave%20ships.htm
"We don't forgive and we don't forget"
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