KKK+FBI+DOJ=Apartheid

Re-Writing History from a "Black" prospective ...The Holy Grail,  The "Sacred Cow" and The Goose that laid the Golden Egg

 The first African Slaves were imported into the American South in 1619, by the Dutch Traders. These  Slaves - who were in agricultural-labour tribes -- Were taken by force from their native Africa, and sailed across the ocean, along a sea route known as 'the Middle Passage'... Hundreds of black slaves were cramped into the large ships, and endured hideous conditions at sea. Life on the ocean was hard and grim for the kidnapped African's, who were sandwhiched together in their sleeping-area, like sardines... The journey took 3-5 weeks, and as disease was high and nutrition/health was low, many did not survive the journey.

Slaves were stripped of their beautiful and important/proud African names, either on the ship-journey -- or by new plantation/slave owners in the South... and given new, patriotic-US-white names. Africans began to lose heritage and culture and identity very soon into their new life as a slave.  http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_African-Americans_arrive_in_America 

The captains and sailors of the boats were allowed to do whatever they wanted with the slaves. This included rape, murder, and torture because the slaves were considered their property. As many as 20 million Africans were transported by ship.[1] The transportation of slaves from Africa to America was known as the Middle Passage . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_ship

The first Africans in America arrived via Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. From 1619 to about 1640, Africans could earn their freedom working as laborers and artisans for the European settlers. Africans could become free people and enjoy some of the liberties like other new settlers. By 1640, Maryland became the first colony to institutionalize slavery. In 1641, Massachusetts, in its written legislative Body of Liberties, stated that "bondage was legal" servitude, at that moment changing the conditions of the African workers - they became chattel slaves who could be bought and solely owned by their masters. http://www.liunet.edu/cwis/cwp/library/aaslavry.htm#intro

Buying a Slave in Pennsylvania -  Introduction - The year 1684 saw the first commercial sale of slaves in Pennsylvania as the British merchant ship Isabella landed at Philadelphia with a cargo that included 150 African slaves. They were immediately purchased by the local Quaker settlers, who were in need of manpower to help clear the land in the three year-old colony. Slave imports after that year were small in number until the 1730's, when a decrease in the duty levied upon imported slaves, combined with a laxity on the part of the provincial collector to collect any imposts at all between 1731 and 1761, combined to allow a surge in the number of slaves brought into the colony by slave merchants. The imports leveled off again, probably due to a preference by buyers for European indentured servants and redemptioners, until the start of the Seven Years' War. http://www.afrolumens.org/slavery/buying.html

Heading for Jamaica in 1781, the ship Zong was nearing the end of its voyage. It had been twelve weeks since it had sailed from the west African coast with its cargo of 417 slaves. Water was running out. Then, compounding the problem, there was an outbreak of disease. The ship's captain, reasoning that the slaves were going to die anyway, made a decision. In order to reduce the owner's losses he would throw overboard the slaves thought to be too sick to recover. The voyage was insured, but the insurance would not pay for sick slaves or even those killed by illness. However, it would cover slaves lost through drowning.

The captain gave the order; 54 Africans were chained together, then thrown overboard. Another 78 were drowned over the next two days. By the time the ship had reached the Caribbean,132 persons had been murdered.

When the ship returned to England the owners made their claim -- they wished to be compensated the full value for each slave lost. The claim might have been honored had if it had not been for former slave Equiano, then living in England, who learned of the tragedy and alerted an abolitionist friend of his. The case went to court. At first the jury ruled in favor of the ship's owners. Since it was permissible to kill animals for the safety of the ship, they decided, it was permissible to kill slaves for the same reason. The insurance company appealed, and the case was retried. This time the court decided that the Africans on board the ship were people. It was a landmark decision.

On another voyage, on another ship, a similar incident occurred. On La Rodeur in 1812, there was an outbreak of ophthalmia, a disease that causes temporary blindness. Both slaves and crew were afflicted. The captain, fearing that the blindness was permanent and knowing that blind slaves would be difficult if not impossible to sell, sent 39 slaves over the rails to their watery death. As with the captain of the Zong, he hoped that the insurance would cover the loss. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1h280.html

In Congress, July 4, 1776 The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America: When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed... 

Slave Sales and Auctions African Coast and the Americas/Slave Auction, Richmond, Virginia, 1862.jpg   http://negroartist.com /Slave%20Sales%20and%20Auctions%20African%20Coast%20and%20the%20Americas/index.htm

 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=slave+family%2c+images&view=detail&id=84E28E712BA53DA300F78A90DED49ABEFDB3382A&first=721&qpvt=slave+family%2c+images&FORM=IDFRIR

The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation

Sherman's Field Order No. 15 - On January 16, 1865, during the Civil War (1861-65), Union general

William T. Sherman issued his Special Field Order No. 15, which confiscated as Union property a strip of coastline stretching from Charleston, South Carolina, to the St. John's River in Florida, including Georgia's Sea Islands and the mainland thirty miles in from the coast. The order redistributed the roughly 400,000 acres of land to newly freed black families in forty-acre segments.

On January 12 Sherman and Stanton met with twenty black leaders of the Savannah community, mostly Baptist and Methodist ministers, to discuss the question of emancipation. Lincoln approved Field Order No. 15 before Sherman issued it just four days after meeting with the black leaders.

The order explicitly called for the settlement of black families on confiscated land, encouraged freedmen to join the Union army to help sustain their newly won liberty, and designated a general officer to act as inspector of settlements. Inspector General Rufus Saxton would police the land and work to ensure legal title of the property for the black settlers. In a later order, Sherman also authorized the army to loan mules to the newly settled farmers.

But the order was a short-lived promise for blacks. Despite the objections of General Oliver O. Howard, the Freedmen's Bureau chief, U.S. president Andrew Johnson overturned Sherman's directive in the fall of 1865, after the war had ended, and returned the land along the South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida coasts to the planters who had originally owned it.   http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3353

            y'all's Statue of Liberty                Our Statue of Liberty

   

 

 

GENESIS 15:13  And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not their's, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; 15:14 And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance.    The first Africans in America arrived via Jamestown, Virginia in 1619.  1619-2012 = 393 Years...

 

 Who Brought Slaves To America? W/ SHIP NAME AND TONNAGE http://www.blackwallstreet.freeservers.com/slave%20ships.htm

 

 History of Reparations Payment http://www.blackwallstreet.freeservers.com/slave%20ships.htm

 

 

 

 

A Capital Under Slavery’s Shadow - Alexandria, Va., Feb. 25, 1861 -  Shackled slaves marching past the Capitol on their way to market, 1836.

Newspapers announced that the sale would take place in one week’s time: on the very morning of Inauguration Day. At the precise hour that Abraham Lincoln rode down Pennsylvania Avenue to take his oath of office beneath the East Portico of the Capitol, a group of black people would stand beneath another columned portico just five miles away – at the Alexandria Courthouse.   http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/24/a-capital-under-slaverys-shadow/

 

 Enslaved laborers toiled at the expansion of the Capitol. Enslaved body servants attended their masters on the floor of the Senate, in the Supreme Court chamber – and sometimes even in the White House. No fewer than 10 of the first 15 presidents were slaveholders: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, James Polk and Zachary Taylor. (However, Washington never lived in Washington, D.C., and Van Buren and Harrison both freed their slaves long before taking office.)

Even the slave trade – although supposedly outlawed in Washington more than a decade earlier – still operated there quite openly, with black men and women frequently advertised for sale in the newspapers, and occasionally even sent to the auction block just a few hundred yards from the White House. The ban, passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, technically only forbade the importation of blacks into the District of Columbia to be sold out of state. The law permitted a local master to sell his or her own slaves – and there was little to keep them from being sent across the river to Alexandria, where slave trading flourished on an industrial scale, and the unfortunate captives might easily be forced aboard a cramped schooner bound for New Orleans or Mobile.

 

Nor was it an uncommon sight to see a black woman going door-to-door in the most fashionable neighborhoods of Washington, begging for small donations toward buying her children out of slavery.      

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/24/a-capital-under-slaverys-shadow/   

 

 

 

 

Slaveholding Presidents? How many of our presidents owned slaves? It's a commonplace that Abraham Lincoln never trafficked in slaves, much less owned them -- indeed, he "freed the slaves." But here's the shocker: Although the slave trade had been abolished in the District of Columbia in 1850, slaves inhabited the capital for another 15 years -- till the end of the Civil War. Dwell on that thought: Lincoln fought the Civil War in a slave city -- the Great Emancipator inhabited a White House staffed by slaves.  http://www.gvsu.edu/hauenstein/?id=5547C04D-CDE2-8CD2-10B8DB7A7AD79E0A .

 

 

Following is the number of slaves each of the 12 slaveholding (kkk) presidents owned. (CAPS indicate the president owned slaves while serving as the chief executive):

 

 

  THOMAS JEFFERSON (about 200 slaves)

 

  

 

 

GEORGE WASHINGTON (between 250-350 slaves)- 

 

 

JAMES MADISON (more than 100)-

 

JAMES MONROE (about 75)-

 

ANDREW JACKSON (fewer than 200)-

 

Martin Van Buren (one)-

William Henry Harrison (eleven)-

 

JOHN TYLER (about 70)-

 

JAMES POLK (about 25)-

 

ZACHARY TAYLOR (fewer than 150)

 

Andrew Johnson (probably eight)

 

 

Ulysses S. Grant (probably five)

.http://www.gvsu.edu/hauenstein/?id=5547C04D-CDE2-8CD2-10B8DB7A7AD79E0A .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

April 19, 1866: African American citizens of Washington, D.C. celebrate the abolition of slavery. 4,000 to 5,000 people assembled at the White House, where they were addressed by President Andrew Johnson. Led by two black regiments, they marched past 10,000 cheering spectators. A sign on top of the speaker's platform read: "We have received our civil rights. Give us the right of suffrage and the work is done." (Harper's Weekly, May 12, 1866, p. 300)

 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr16.html

 

 

 

 

 

“SHERIFF’S SALE OF FREE NEGROES,” the ad read. “On the 4th day of March, 1861 … I will proceed to sell at public auction, in front of the Court House door, for cash, all FREE NEGROES who have failed to pay their tax for the years 1859 and 1860.” It was a chilling reminder – in case any were needed – of the squalid realities lying almost literally in the shadow of the republic’s glittering monum.  The men and women in Alexandria were not being sold back into permanent bondage. They had fallen behind on paying the annual “head tax” that Virginia imposed on each of its adult free black inhabitants, and now their labor would be sold for as long as necessary to recoup the arrears. It is all too easy to imagine the deliberate humiliation thus inflicted on people who, in many cases, had spent long years in slavery before finally attaining their hard-won freedom. That scene at the courthouse door represented everything they had worked a lifetime to escape.    http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com

/2011/02/24/a-capital-under-slaverys-shadow/

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

Or Does It ?

Aug 17, 2011 Obama: 'The buck stops with me' - President Obama says he inherited "a big mess" with the economy -- and Republicans aren't cooperating very much -- but he channeled Harry Truman by telling CNN that "ultimately the buck stops with me."   "I'm going to be accountable," Obama said. "I think people understand that a lot of these problems were decades in the making. People understand that this financial crisis was the worst since the Great Depression.  http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/08/obama-the-buck-stops-with-me/1

 

 

I'm Just Like the Umpire...I Call it Like I See it and "Nobody Gets A Free Pass"   and...We Vow to not leave a stone unturned and we gonna let the Chips Fall Where They May...

 

 

 

 

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In 1838, at the age of twenty, Frederick Douglass escaped slavery and settled in the North. He quickly became involved in the campaign against slavery, known as the abolitionist movement. Seven years later in 1845, he published the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, in which he told the story of his life under slavery. His moving account of slavery and his eventual escape lent a certain authenticity to Douglass' speeches and writings against institutionalized slavery that white abolitionists did not have. His use of vivid language in depicting violence against slaves, his psychological insights into the power dynamics between slaves and slaveholders, and his naming of specific persons and places made his book a powerful indictment against a society (both in the North and South of the United States) that continued to condone slavery as a viable social and economic institution. http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-frederickdouglass/intro.html

Frederick Douglass (1817?-1895), one of the foremost leaders of the abolitionist movement, which fought to end slavery within the United States in the decades prior to the Civil War. In 1847 he began publishing an antislavery paper called the North Star. Douglass served as an adviser to President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and fought for the adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights and other civil liberties for blacks. Douglass provided a powerful voice for human rights during this period of American history and is still revered today for his contributions against racial injustice. http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/douglass/home.html

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  Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Education Quotes - - Quote #4    "Learning would spoil the best nigger in the world. Now," said he, "if you teach that nigger (speaking of myself) how to read, there would be no keeping him. It would forever unfit him to be a slave. He would at once become unmanageable, and of no value to his master. As to himself, it could do him no good, but a great deal of harm. It would make him discontented and unhappy."   ... I now understood what had been to me a most perplexing difficulty--to wit, the white man's power to enslave the black man.  http://www.shmoop.com/life-of-frederick-douglass/education-quotes-all.html

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 Still Separate, Still Unequal: America's Educational Apartheid

JONATHAN KOZOL / Harper's Magazine v.311, n.1864 1sep2005

The Problem We All Live With by Norman Rockwell. Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum at Stockbridge, Mass.

In Chicago, by the academic year 2002-2003, 87 percent of public-school enrollment was black or Hispanic; less than 10 percent of children in the schools were white. In Washington, D.C., 94 percent of children were black or Hispanic; less than 5 percent were white. In St. Louis, 82 percent of the student population were black or Hispanic; in Philadelphia and Cleveland, 79 percent; in Los Angeles, 84 percent, in Detroit, 96 percent; in Baltimore, 89 percent. In New York City, nearly three quarters of the students were black or Hispanic.

Even these statistics, as stark as they are, cannot begin to convey how deeply isolated children in the poorest and most segregated sections of these cities have become. In the typically colossal high schools of the Bronx, for instance, more than 90 percent of students (in most cases, more than 95 percent) are black or Hispanic. At John F. Kennedy High School in 2003, 93 percent of the enrollment of more than 4,000 students were black and Hispanic; only 3.5 percent of students at the school were white. At Harry S. Truman High School, black and Hispanic students represented 96 percent of the enrollment of 2,700 students; 2 percent were white. At Adlai Stevenson High School, which enrolls 3,400 students, blacks and Hispanics made up 97 percent of the student population; a mere eight tenths of one percent were white.       

http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/2005/American-Apartheid-Education1sep05.htm

Welcome to the Real Abraham Lincoln: Contained throughout this site is a collection of quotes from the United States 16th President, Abraham Lincoln. These quote have been divided as best we could, into topical categories, with little to no commentary added as they adequately stand alone in their meaning. http://www.pointsouth.com/lincoln/

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Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), 16th president of the United States (1861-1865) and he became a legend and a folk hero after his death. Lincoln on Slavery & Emancipation Abraham Lincoln Speech- to Charleston, Illinois, 1858. I am not now, nor ever have been in favor of bringing about in any way the social or political equality of the white and black races. I am not now nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of Negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor of intermarriages with white people. There is a physical difference between the white and the black races which will forever forbid the two races living together on social or political equality. There must be a position of superior and inferior, and I am in favor of assigning the superior position to the white man. http://www.pointsouth.com/lincoln/race.htm

Lincoln in speeches at Peoria, Illinois: When Southern people tell us that they are no more responsible for the origin of slavery than we are, I acknowledge the fact… My first impulse would possibly be to free all slaves and send them to Liberia to their own native land. But a moment's reflection would convince me that this would not be best for them…What then? Free them all and keep them among us as underlings. Is it quite certain that this would alter their conditions? Free them and make them politically and socially our equals? My own feelings will not admit of this, and if mine would, we well know that those of the great mass of whites will not. We cannot make them our equals. A system of gradual emancipation might well be adopted, and I will not undertake to judge our Southern friends for tardiness in this matter. http://www.pointsouth.com/lincoln/slavery.htm

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Do the people of the South really entertain fear that a Republican administration would directly or indirectly interfere with their slaves, or with them about their slaves? If they do, I wish to assure you as once a friend, and still, I hope, not an enemy , that there is no cause for such fears. The South would be in no more danger in this respect than it was in the days of Washington. http://www.pointsouth.com/lincoln/slavery3.htm

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Letter from Lincoln to A.H. Stephens…Public and Private Letters of Alexander Stephens, My paramount object, is to save the Union, and not either destroy or save slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing the slaves, I would do it. If I could save the Union by freeing some and leaving others in slavery, I would do it. If I could save it by freeing all, I would do that. What I do about slavery and the colored race, I do because it helps save the Union. http://www.pointsouth.com/lincoln/slavery3.htm

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Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address I have no purpose directly or indirectly to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. I acknowledge the constitutional rights of the States - not grudgingly, but fairly and fully, and I will give them any legislation for reclaiming their fugitive slaves. The point the Republican party wanted to stress was to oppose making slave States out of the newly acquired territory, not abolishing slavery as it then existed. http://www.pointsouth.com/lincoln/slavery2.htm .

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“... the right of a state to secede from the Union [has been] settled forever by the highest tribunal – arms – that man can resort to.” Ulysses S. Grant'. (1862) “If I thought this war was to abolish slavery, I would resign my commission and offer my sword to the other side.” Ulysses S. Grant. (Grant's family owned slaves during the war) http://www.users.waitrose.com/~robinphillips/FF%20vs.%20AL.htm

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Interior view of a slave pen, showing the doors of cells where the slaves were held before being sold. Slave pen, Alexandria, Va. Photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed later. http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/slavery/ig/Slavery-Photographs-and-Images/Slave-Pen.htm

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Harriet Tubman was born a slave in Dorchester County, Maryland in about 1820. In 1848 Tubman decided to try and escape from her plantation. Her husband, John Tubman, refused to go with her as he believed it was too dangerous. Her two bothers accompanied her but later they became frightened and decided to return to the plantation. Tubman made her way north by the Underground Railroad . Later, Tubman returned to rescue the rest of the family. This was the first of 19 secret trips she made to the South, during which she guided more than 300 slaves to freedom. Tubman's activities became so notorious that plantation owners offered a $40,000 reward for her capture. During the American Civil War Tubman worked as a nurse, scout and an intelligence agent for the Union Army. Tubman's former activities as a conductor on the Underground Railroad made her especially useful as a scout during the conflict. With the help of Sarah Bradford, she wrote her autobiography, Harriet Tubman, the Moses of Her People , (1869). With the royalties from the book and a small pension from the United States Army she purchased a house in Auburn, New York and turned it into a home for the aged and needy.

Tubman (far left), with Davis (seated, with cane), their adopted daughter Gertie (beside Tubman), Lee Cheney, John "Pop" Alexander, Walter Green, Blind "Aunty" Sarah Parker, and great-niece, Dora Stewart at Tubman's home in Auburn, New York circa 1887. Harriet Tubman died on 10th March, 1913. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAStubman.htm

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October 29, 2003 - Senator Clinton Secures Funding to Repay Harriet Tubman Civil War Pension: Harriet Tubman requested a pension for her service in the Union Army during the Civil War, but never received one. However her last husband, Nelson Davis, served in the United States Colored Infantry and under the Dependent Pension Act of 1890, Harriet Tubman received an $8 per month widow's pension as the spouse of a deceased veteran from June 1890 until January 1899. On January 19, 1899 by enacting H.R. 4982, the 55th Congress authorized the Secretary of the Interior to pay Harriet Tubman a widow's pension of $25 per month for the duration of her life, however Harriet Tubman received only $20 per month until her death on March 10, 1913, after which she was buried Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn, New York, with military honors. The funding approved today is the sum which compensates for the widow's pension withheld from Harriet Tubman between January 1899 and her death in 1913, adjusted from 1913 to present day, equal to $11,750. http://www.harriettubman.com/senclintion.html

Harriet Tubman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Tubman

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Jefferson Davis (born June 3, 1808, Christian county, Ky., U.S. — died Dec. 6, 1889, New Orleans, La.) U.S. political leader, president of the Confederate States of America (1861 – 65). He graduated from West Point and served as a lieutenant in the Wisconsin Territory and later in the Black Hawk War. In 1835 he became a planter in Mississippi. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (1845 – 46), he resigned to serve in the Mexican War , in which he distinguished himself at the Battle of Buena Vista . A national hero, he served in the U.S. Senate (1847 – 51) and as Pres. Franklin Pierce 's secretary of war (1853 – 57). He returned to the Senate in 1857, where he advocated states' rights but tried to discourage secession. After Mississippi seceded in 1861, he resigned and was chosen president of the Confederacy. He conducted the South's war effort despite shortages of manpower, supplies, and money and opposition from radicals within his administration. After Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered without Davis's approval in April 1865, Davis fled Richmond, Va., the Confederate capital, hoping to continue the fight until he could secure better terms from the North. Captured and indicted for treason, he was never tried. After two years imprisonment, he was released in poor health in 1867. He retired to Mississippi. His citizenship was restored posthumously in 1978. http://www.answers.com/topic/jefferson-davis

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Trent Lott's "Uptown Klan"... In 1978, after his election to the US House, Lott led a successful campaign to have the US citizenship of Jefferson Davis restored. Davis lost his citizenship when he became president of the Confederate States of America when southern states were in open revolt against the US government. http://www.thenation.com/blogs/thebeat/208

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Sojourner Truth… (Name at birth: Isabella Baumfree): Born 1797, Hurley, N.Y. Died 26 Nov. 1883 Truth began life as a slave and ended it as a celebrated anti-slavery activist. She was born in New York and was sold several times before escaping to freedom with an infant daughter in 1827. She worked as a housekeeper, lived in a religious commune, and eventually became a travelling speaker and preacher. Although she could not read or write, Truth was a captivating speaker: she reportedly stood nearly six feet tall and was a spirited evangelist who spoke out for women's rights and against slavery. Prompted by religious feelings, she changed her name to Sojourner Truth in 1843. Her memoir The Narrative of Sojourner Truth (as told to author Olive Gilbert) was published in 1850 and helped establish her in the public mind. The next year, at a women's rights convention in Akron, Ohio, she gave her famous speech, "Ain't I A Woman," a short but stirring challenge to the notion that men were superior to women. During the Civil War she worked to support black Union soldiers, and after the war she continued to travel and preach on spiritual topics and as an advocate for the rights of blacks and women. http://www.answers.com/topic/sojourner-truth

John Brown was a man of action - - a man who would not be deterredfrom his mission of abolishing slavery. On October 16, 1859, he led 21 men on a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. His plan to arm slaves with the weapons he and his men seized from the arsenal was thwarted, however, by local farmers, militiamen, and Marines led by Robert E. Lee. Within 36 hours of the attack, most of Brown's men had been killed or captured. Brown was wounded and quickly captured, and moved to Charlestown, Virginia, where he was tried and convicted of treason, Before hearing his sentence, Brown was allowed make an address to the court.

. . I believe to have interfered as I have done, . . . in behalf of His despised poor, was not wrong, but right. Now, if it be deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children, and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I submit: so let it be done."... John Brown was hanged on December 2, 1859. http://afroamhistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&sdn=afroamhistory&cdn=education&tm=51&gps=58_412_1020_617&f=00&tt=14&bt=1&bts=0&zu=http%3A//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1550.html

June 12, 2009 Rewriting John Brown's story 150 years later

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31331809/from/ET/

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The Emancipation Proclamation is an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced.^[1] On September 22, 1862, Lincoln announced that he would issue a formal emancipation of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863. The actual order was signed and issued January 1, 1863; it named the locations under Confederate control where it would apply. Lincoln issued the Executive Order by his authority as "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy" under Article II, section 2 of the United States Constitution.^{[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation}

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After the establishment of the Ku Klux Klan in 1867 the number of lynching of African American increased dramatically. The main objective of the KKK was to maintain white supremacy in the South, which they felt was under threat after their defeat in the Civil War. It has been estimated that between 1880 and 1920, an average of two African Americans a week were lynched in the United States.

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James Weldon Johnson named the summer of 1919 the "Red Summer" for the rash of deadly riots which erupted in more than twenty-five American cities between April and October of that year. Racial tensions were at an extreme in Omaha that summer; the influx of African Americans from the South and a perceived epidemic of crime created an atmosphere of mistrust and fear that led to the lynching of William Brown.

Brown had been accused of molesting a white girl. When police arrested him on September 28, a mob quickly formed which ignored orders from authorities that they disperse. When Mayor Edward P. Smith appeared to plead for calm, he was kidnapped by the mob, hung to a trolley pole, and nearly killed before police were able to cut him down.

The rampaging mob set the courthouse prison on fire and seized Brown. He was hung from a lamppost, mutilated, and his body riddled with bullets, then burned. Four other people were killed and fifty wounded before troops were able to restore order.

This photograph was acquired from a Lincoln, Nebraska, man whose grandfather purchased it for two dollars as a souvenir while visiting Omaha in 1919. http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/pics_80.html

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Louisiana Lynchings, 1878-1946 This list is approximately complete within the dates given; but it probably misses some incidents http://academic.evergreen.edu/p/pfeiferm/Louisiana.html

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Lynching Victims in America from 1882 - 1968 http://i-found-it.net/uslynchingvictims.html <http://i-found-it.net/uslynchingvictims.html>

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http://georgehigh.com/Disfranchised/Civil%20War%20amendments.pdf Civil War amendments to the U.S. Constitution

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Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a fearless anti-lynching crusader, suffragist, women's rights advocate, journalist, and speaker. She stands as one of our nation's most uncompromising leaders and most ardent defenders of democracy. She was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862 and died in Chicago, Illinois 1931 at the age of sixty-nine. In 1894, Ida B. Wells published A Red Record: She Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States, 1892-1894. This 100 page book expanded on her earlier research and documented the history of lynching since the Emancipation Proclamation. Wells tabulated the number of lynching reported in the Chicago Tribunal and tallied the various charges given. Her findings documented the alarming high occurrence of lynching and the rather ridiculous charges filed against black men. For example, she found that in 1894 "197 persons were put to death by mobs who gave the victims no opportunity to make a lawful defense". Furthermore, she found that over two-thirds of lynching were for incredibly petty crimes such as stealing hogs and quarreling with neighbors. http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/idabwells.html .

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Congressman Leonidas Dyer of Missouri first introduced his Anti-Lynching Bill--known as the Dyer Bill--into Congress in 1918. The NAACP supported the passage of this bill from 1919 onward; they had not done so initially, arguing that the bill was unconstitutional based on the recommendations of Moorfield Storey, a lawyer and the first president of the NAACP. Storey revised his position in 1918 and from 1919 onward the NAACP supported Dyer's anti-lynching legislation. The Dyer Bill was passed by the House of Representatives on the 26th of January 1922, and was given a favorable report by the Senate Committee assigned to report on it in July 1922, but its passage was halted by a filibuster in the Senate. Efforts to pass similar legislation were not taken up again until the 1930s with the Costigan-Wagner Bill. The Dyer Bill influenced the text of anti-lynching legislation promoted by the NAACP into the 1950s, including the Costigan-Wagner Bill. http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/lynch/doc1.htm

May 16, 1916, Robinson, Texas. Charred corpse of Jesse Washington suspended from utility pole http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/pics_22.html The Lynching of Jesse Washington and the Rise of the NAACP...The NAACP also fought a long campaign against lynching. In 1919 it published Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States: 1889-1918. The NAACP also paid for large adverts in major newspapers presenting the facts about lynching. To show that the members of the organization would not be intimidated, it held its 1920 annual conference in Atlanta, considered at the time to be one of the most active Ku Klux Klan areas in America. http://www.patriciabernstein.com/

Mary B. Talbert, (1866–1923)… She helped to plant the seeds for the NAACP. Frederick Douglass and W.E.B DuBois sat at her dining room table. She fought for women's rights a half-century before Betty Friedan untied her apron strings. She railed against colonialism in Africa, had an audience with the queen of England and pressured Woodrow Wilson to sign a federal anti-lynching law (he didn't). She blasted segregation 50 years before Jim Crow came tumbling down. She was the first woman to get a doctorate from the University of Buffalo. She was a preservationist who saved Douglass' home in Washington, D.C. Some experts put her up with Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth as a civil rights activist. http://www.buffaloah.com/h/tal/tal2.html

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The NAACP hoped that the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 would bring an end to lynching. Two African American campaigners against lynching, Mary McLeod Bethune and Walter Francis White, had been actively involved in helping Roosevelt to obtain victory. The president's wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, had also been a long-time opponent of lynching. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USArooseveltF.htm

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Mary McLeod Bethune (Educator) 1875-1955…The daughter of former slaves, and one of the most widely known African American women of the twentieth century, Mary McLeod Bethune was an educator, political advisor, and civil rights leader. After graduation from the Scotia Seminary in 1895, she taught at the Haines Institute in Augusta, Georgia, then at Kendall Institute in Sumter, South Carolina, where she met and later married Albertus Bethune. In October 1904, Bethune founded the Daytona Normal and Industrial Institute for Negro Girls in a small rented cabin, and continued to develop the school over the next two decades. When white hospitals denied service to black patients and training for black residents and nurses, Bethune founded McLeod Hospital to serve the community and to provide training for black physicians and nurses. By 1922, the school had over 300 students and a staff of 25, later becoming the Bethune-Cookman College. As well as working for education, Bethune founded the Circle of Negro War Relief in New York City during World War I, was vice president of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, and served as president for two terms in the National Association of Colored Women , advising the Coolidge and Hoover administrations on African American issues. In 1935, Bethune founded the National Council of Negro Women and served as president until 1949. She retired from public life on her seventy-fifth birthday in 1950, settling in her home on the campus of Bethune-Cookman College, and over the next five years received 12 honorary degrees. http://www.africanamericans.com/MaryMcLeodBethune.htm

Mary McLeon Bethume From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune

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Walter White (1893-1955) A native of Atlanta , Walter White served as chief secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1929 to 1955. During the twenty-five years preceding the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, White was one of the most prominent African American figures and spokespeople in the country. Upon his death in 1955, the New York Times eulogized him as "the nearest approach to a national leader of American Negroes since Booker T. Washington... http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-747

Hitler's Forgotten Victims reveals that sterilisation programmes for Blacks had been instigated by Germany's most senior Nazi geneticist, Doctor Eugen Fischer, who developed his racial theories in German South-West Africa (now Namibia) long before the First World War. It was in this colonial context that Fischer identified what he considered genetic dangers arising from race-mixing between German colonists and African women. The documentary also provides disturbing photographic evidence of German genocidal tendencies in Africa, which began with the Heroro massacre. In 1904, the Heroro tribe of German South-West Africa revolted against their colonial masters in a quest to keep their land; the rebellion lasted four years, leading to the death of 60,000 Heroro tribespeople (80% of their population). The survivors were imprisoned in concentration camps or used as human guinea pigs for medical experiments, a policy that was a foretaste of things to come for German Blacks and the Jewish community http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/61/201.html

Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany The Remarkable Life of Hans Massaquoi http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0003/black_nazi.html

Black German Holocaust Victims - So much of history is lost to us because we often don't write the history books, film the documentaries, nor pass the accounts down from generation to generation. One documentary now touring the film festival circuit, telling us to 'Always Remember' is 'Black Survivors of the Holocaust' (1997). Outside the U.S., the film is entitled 'Hitler's Forgotten Victims' (Afro-Wisdom Productions) . It codifies another dimension to the 'Never Forget ' Holocaust story--our dimension. Did you know that in the 1920's, there were 24,000 Blacks living in Germany? Neither did I. Here's how it happened, and how many of them were eventually caught unawares by the events of the Holocaust. Like most West European nations, Germany established colonies in Africa in the late 1800's in what later became Togo, Cameroon, Namibia, and Tanzania. German genetic experiments began there, most notably involving prisoners taken from the 1904 Heroro Massacre that left 60,000 Africans dead, following a 4-year revolt against German colonization. After the shellacking Germany received in World War I, it was stripped of its African colonies in 1918. http://www.streamsofjustice.org/2008/06/black-german-holocaust-victims.html

Richard B. Russell Jr. served in public office for fifty years as a state legislator , governor of Georgia, and U.S. senator. Russell was best known for his efforts to strengthen the national defense and to oppose Civil Rights legislation. Russell began contesting civil rights legislation as early as 1935,when an anti lynching bill was introduced in Congress. By 1938 he led the Southern Bloc in resisting such federal legislation based on the unconstitutionality of its provisions. The Southern Bloc argued that these provisions were infringements on states' rights. By continually blocking passage of a cloture rule in the Senate, Russell preserved unlimited debate as a method for halting or weakening civil rights legislation. Over the next three decades, through filibuster and Russell's command of the Senate's parliamentary rules and precedents, the Southern Bloc stymied all civil rights legislation.

Russell was a defender of white southern traditions and values…He believed in white supremacy and a separate but equal society… His arguments for maintaining segregation were drawn as much from constitutional beliefs in a Jeffersonian government that both emphasizes a division of federal and state powers and fosters personal and economic freedom as they were from notions of race. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1391 Russell's stand on civil rights was costly to the nation and to Russell himself. It contributed to his defeat in a bid for the presidency, often diverted him from other legislative and appointed business, limited his ability to accept change, weakened his health, and tainted his record historically. Russell died of complications from emphysema at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C., on January 21, 1971. The following year Russell's colleagues passed Senate Resolution 296 naming his old office building the Richard Brevard Russell Senate Office Building and subsequently naming the federal courthouse in Atlanta, The Richard Russell Federal Building .

In 1935 attempts were made to persuade Franklin D. Roosevelt to support a Anti-Lynching bill that had been introduced into Congress. However, Roosevelt refused to speak out in favour of the bill that would punish sheriffs who failed to protect their prisoners from lynch mobs. He argued that the white voters in the South would never forgive him if he supported the bill and he would therefore lose the next election...

...Even the appearance in the newspapers of the lynching of Rubin Stacy failed to change Roosevelt's mind on the subject. Six deputies were escorting Stacy to Dade County jail in Miami on 19th July, 1935, when he was taken by a white mob and hanged by the side of the home of Marion Jones, the woman who had made the original complaint against him. The New York Times later revealed that "subsequent investigation revealed that Stacy, a homeless tenant farmer, had gone to the house to ask for food; the woman became frightened and screamed when she saw Stacy's face." http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACstacy.htm

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Some of the Tuskegee Study Group clinicians. Dr. Reginald D. James (third to right), a black physician involved with public health work in Macon County , was not directly involved in the study. Nurse Rivers is on the left. CDC - U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee http://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/timeline.htm

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: For forty years between 1932 and 1972, the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) conducted an experiment on 399 black men in the late stages of syphilis. These men, for the most part illiterate sharecroppers from one of the poorest counties in Alabama, were never told what disease they were suffering from or of its seriousness. Informed that they were being treated for “bad blood,” their doctors had no intention of curing them of syphilis at all.

Subjects talking with study coordinator, Nurse Eunice Rivers  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study

The data for the experiment was to be collected from autopsies of the men, and they were thus deliberately left to degenerate under the ravages of tertiary syphilis—which can include tumors, heart disease, paralysis, blindness, insanity, and death. “As I see it,” one of the doctors involved explained, “we have no further interest in these patients until they die.”

When the experiment was brought to the attention of the media in 1972, news anchor Harry Reasoner described it as an experiment that “used human beings as laboratory animals in a long and inefficient study of how long it takes syphilis to kill someone.”

Charlie Pollard survivor Herman Shaw, survivor Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study

By the end of the experiment, 28 of the men had died directly of syphilis, 100 were dead of related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their children had been born with congenital syphilis. How had these men been induced to endure a fatal disease in the name of science? http://www.tuskegee.edu/Global/Story.asp?s=1207598

The Guatemala Syphilis Experiment's Tuskegee Roots:  9/1/11     Recent revelations that the U.S. government knowingly infected Central Americans with syphilis in the 1940s have eerie echoes to the infamous 40-year experiment with 400 infected black men in Macon County, Ala. As it turns out, this is no coincidence.

On Friday, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius apologized for a diabolical human experiment conducted in Central America 64 years ago and engineered by the U.S. government. From 1946 to 1948, scientists deliberately infected Guatemalan research subjects with syphilis to study how well penicillin worked.

WHAT THE MEDIA WON'T TELL YOU: JIM JONES WAS A CIA OPERATIVE CONDUCTING MIND CONTROL EXPERIMENTS - - THE JONESTOWN MASSACRE On November 18 1978, 913 people died in Jonestown, a small compound carved out of the jungles of Guyana, a small country on the northeast coast of South America. http://www.whale.to/b/jonestown1.html

Jim Jones - The Jonestown Massacre: On November 18, 1978, Anticipating the end of his ministry and certain arrest, Jim Jones then ordered the "state of emergency" he had so long anticipated. This carefully rehearsed mass suicide (912) now finally took place. Everyone, except the very few that escaped into the surrounding jungle, either committed suicide or was murdered. More than 280 children were killed. Jim Jones body was found at Jonestown, fatally wounded by a gunshot to the head. Though racially diverse, most of Jones followers were African Americans. http://www.culteducation.com/jonestown.

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Short film of Jim Jones…information revealed that Jones abused his members. He would physically beat his followers, and force both men and women to have sex with him. Members gave him their life savings and even signed their social security checks over to him. http://www.encyclomedia.com/the_peoples_temple.html

Jim Jones: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the Peoples Temple leader http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Jones

Judge Denies Bid To Stop Oakland Jonestown Memorial Dedication - May 26, 2011 OAKLAND (CBS SF) – A judge denied a bid Thursday for a preliminary injunction that would have blocked the formal unveiling of a memorial at an Oakland cemetery that commemorates the 918 victims of the mass suicide at Jonestown in Guyana in 1978.  http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2011/05/26/judge-denies-bid-to-stop-oakland-jonestown-memorial-dedication/

... jonestown survivors temple defectors and the families of the dead

Jack Anderson: On September 27, 1980, a column by respected investigative reporter Jack Anderson was published under the title "CIA Involved In Jonestown Massacre."

This was the first allegation of CIA involvement in the Jonestown incident. According to Anderson, both Richard Dwyer and Jim Jones had ties to the CIA, with Dwyer's ties dating to at least 1959; when quizzed directly about this alleged CIA involvement, Dwyer responded "no comment."

At one point on the sound-recording made during the mass suicide, Jones' own voice commands, "Take Dwyer on down to the east house" and a short time later, Jones says "Get Dwyer out of here before something happens to him." This is considered by some to be evidence that Richard Dwyer, a U.S. embassy official, was really a CIA operative. http://www.spirituallysmart.com/jonestown.html

Time to declassify? Over the years, there have been rumors of CIA involvement. Some people believe CIA agents were posing as members of the Peoples Temple cult to gather information; others suggest the agency was conducting a mind-control experiment.

In 1980, the House Select Committee on Intelligence determined that the CIA had no advance knowledge of the mass murder-suicide. The year before, the House Foreign Affairs Committee had concluded that cult leader Jim Jones "suffered extreme paranoia." http://www.spirituallysmart.com/jonestown.html

The committee -- now known as international relations -- released a 782-page report, but kept more than 5,000 other pages secret. Without those documents, it's hard to confirm or refute the speculations that have sprung up around Jonestown, said Melton, who planned to be in Washington Wednesday to ask for the documents' release.

George Berdes, chief consultant to the committee at the time of the investigation, told the San Francisco Chronicle the papers were classified to assure sources' confidentiality, but he thinks it is time to declassify them. . http://www.rickross.com/groups/jonestown.html

Heaven's Gate was an American UFO religion based in San Diego, California, founded and led by Marshall Applewhite (1931–1997) and Bonnie Nettles (1928–1985).^[1] On March 26, 1997, in a period when Comet Hale-Bopp was at its brightest,^[2] police discovered the bodies of 39 members of the group who had committed suicide in order to reach an alien aircraft which was supposedly following the aforementioned comet.^[3]    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven%27s_Gate_%28religious_group%29

  http://www.withoutsanctuary.org/ Searching through America's past for the last 25 years, collector James Allen uncovered an extraordinary visual legacy: photographs and postcards taken as souvenirs at lynchings throughout America. With essays by Hilton Als, Leon Litwack, Congressman John Lewis and James Allen, these photographs have been published as a book "Without Sanctuary" by Twin Palms Publishers .

Albert Pike (December 29, 1809–April 2, 1891 - was an attorney, Confederate officer, writer, and Freemason. Pike is the only Confederate military officer or figure to be honored with an outdoor statue in Washington, D.C. (in Judiciary Square) mostly due to his masonic connection with President Andrew Johnson, who pardoned Pike for treason after the American Civil War. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pike

Albert Pike (December 29, 1809–April 2, 1891) The Ku Klux Klan, the Southern Confederacy, and the pre-Civil War secession movement were a single, continuous project, with Pike’s "Scottish Rite" at its center. Though the Confederacy was defeated, this project lives on today, and now dominates U.S. political life. Look at Baker & Botts, the Houston family firm and power base of Secretary of State James A. Baker III. This law firm was formed after the Civil War by die-hard Confederate and Masonic officials in Albert Pike’s Scottish Rite and military clique. With their British imperial racial notions, Baker & Botts and Scottish Rite freemasonry have dominated the Texas power structure ever since. Secretary Baker’s grandfather, Captain James A. Baker, brought English race scientist Julian Huxley in to supervise the "race purification" study program for Texas, at Rice University. Secretary Baker’s family wealth and power came from their representing Harriman, the international oil companies and George Bush’s Zapata Petroleum, all sponsors of the population control, or ban-dark-babies movement. This movement is synonymous with the Scottish Rite.   http://itwasjohnson.impiousdigest.com/kkkmas.htm 

Scottish Rite Masons - The Scottish Rite has had more than its share of great men. We list only a few here to give our reader a sampling of the range of talents which can always be found in the college of Freemasonry.  http://guthriescottishrite.org/scottishritemasons.aspx

The Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial is a memorial scheduled to be dedicated on Washington, D.C.'s National Mall on August 28, 2011, the 48th anniversary of King's "I Have a Dream" speech. It will be located adjacent to the FDR Memorial, between the Lincoln Memorial and Jefferson Memorial, and will honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr's national and international contributions to the American dream—a dream he spoke of in terms of possibility and hope—and its pillars of freedom, democracy, and opportunity for all.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._National_Memorial

  Fredrick Douglass - WEST INDIA EMANCIPATION, speech, August 3, 1857  …If there is no struggle there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters.

This struggle may be a moral one, or it may be a physical one, and it may be both moral and physical, but it must be a struggle. Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never did and it never will. Find out just what any people will quietly submit to and you have found out the exact measure of injustice and wrong which will be imposed upon them, and these will continue till they are resisted with either words or blows, or with both. The limits of tyrants are prescribed by the endurance of those whom they oppress. In the light of these ideas, Negroes will be hunted at the North, and held and flogged at the South so long as they submit to those devilish outrages, and make no resistance, either moral or physical. Men may not get all they pay for in this world, but they must certainly pay for all they get. If we ever get free from the oppressions and wrongs heaped upon us, we must pay for their removal. We must do this by labor, by suffering, by sacrifice, and if needs be, by our lives and the lives of others.  http://www.lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?PAGE=4398

Why We Need Black-White Unity to Save America-An Historical Perspective February 23, 2009

Today's headlines are replete with stories regarding an ugly and thoroughly racist cartoon in the New York Post that connects President Obama with the worst stereotypes often falsely associated with African-Americans.  Meanwhile Attorney General Holder stated that the US is "a nation of cowards that needs to finally--and urgently--begin confronting the issue of race relations before it polarizes the country even further".  The race issue is once again front and center in America.  But what isn't being discussed at this time of economic depression is the need for black-white working class unity in order to establish profound and positive change in America. Why is this solidarity so critically important?  Because only a multi-racial bottom up movement can work with President Obama to restore economic justice and fairness in America.

  It's not surprising that as the economy goes on life support and people of all races and backgrounds face the double threat of foreclosure and unemployment the forces of reaction would once again resort to racist images and other attempts to convince working class whites that African Americans are their great problem.  It's an old playbook we need to review if we as a people are to overcome past mistakes and move forward to establish Dr. King's beloved community…

 … And so we had the creation of the American racism system.  A system that has been battered by the North's victory in the Civil War, the glorious victories of the civil rights movement and yes by the election of President Barack Obama.  And yet a system that still remains to this day.

So the eternal question remains, what is to be done?  Do substantial numbers of white workers, especially but not exclusively in the South, continue to support the racism system and its right wing radio demagogues and the Wall Street banksters in return for their meager relative advantages versus blacks?  Or do white workers join with their black, Latino, Asian and indigenous sisters and brothers in a multi-racial people's movement that finally establishes democracy and justice in America?    The choice is ours, which road will we take?    http://www.opednews.com/articles/Why-We-Need-Black-White-Un-by-Perry-Stein-090219-171.html

  (Thomas Paine)  The rule of Law in its most basic form is the principle that no one is above the law. Thomas Paine in his pamphlet - "Common Sense" (1776) stated: "For as in absolute governments, the King is Law, so in free countries the law ought to be the King, and there ought to be no other." The rule of law means that everyone is subject to the law; that no one, no matter how important or powerful, is above the law - not the President, not the Prime Minister. If anyone were above the law, none of our liberties would be safe.   http://allafrica.com/stories/200811031131.html

One of the very oldest principles of our legal heritage is that the king is subject to the law. See Romans 13. King John was taught this principle at Runnymede in A.D. 1215, when his barons forced him to submit to Magna Carta, the great charter that imposed limits on the exercise of sovereign power. See William Sharp McKechnie, Magna Carta, 36-42 (1914). One of the first modern expositions of this hallowed principle is found in Lex, Rex, whose title indicated the fundamental shift in our legal heritage toward the primacy of the law and the subordinate position of the king. Justice Brandeis expounded as follows on the principle:

    

  The more powerful the Department of Justice & FBI becomes, the more injustices Black American people can expect.  All of these Crimes, Civil Rights violations and some of the killings occurred up to 60 years ago. Evidence was sometimes destroyed to prevent further investigating. Some crime-scene samples — clothing, hair strands, blood stains — were lost. Memories have faded, and witnesses have died. Of those still alive, some are afraid to come forward even now. Others are ashamed, unwilling to bear witness against relatives who did the Ku Klux Klan's bidding.   The DOJ & FBI  knows who the perpetrators were/are and in some cases they were actually in collusion with them and a part of the cover-up, that continue until this very day.  Since (90 + % ) of all of the lynching,  beatings, church and home burnings were done to or against ”Black Folks”, it is only fitting that a Black man (George High) who is in fact a victims of the DOJ’s  brand of  vigilante justice should bring the charges which prove “beyond a reasonable doubt”  that the Department of Justice and FBI cannot be trusted to police itself or protect Black Americans against gross violations of their rights…Is the DOJ & FBI above the law - or, are they the law?

8/31/09 Criminal Complaint (scroll up) http://georgehigh.com/email%20and%20letters/Crim.%20Com.%208-31-09.pdf

sent to these folks http://georgehigh.com/email%20and%20letters/Criminal%20Complaint%208-31-09.pdf

Andy Griffith sings ship those niggers back http://www.chimptube.tv/joomla/index.php?option=com_hwdvideoshare&task=viewvideo&Itemid=53&video_id=46

 KKK + FBI + DOJ = APARTHEID …which equates to Crimes Against Humanity which has most recently been defined in Article 7 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

1. For the purpose of this Statute, "crime against humanity" means any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack:

(a) Murder;

(b) Extermination;

(c) Enslavement;

(d) Deportation or forcible transfer of population;

(e) Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law;

(f) Torture;

(g) Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity;

(h) Persecution against any identifiable group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender as defined in paragraph 3, or other grounds that are universally recognized as impermissible under international law, in connection with any act referred to in this paragraph or any crime within the jurisdiction of the Court;

(i) Enforced disappearance of persons;

(j) The crime of apartheid;

(k) Other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.  http://www.aegistrust.org/Crimes-against-humanity/what-are-crimes-against-humanity.html

Our oath of office: (FBI) a solemn promise – September 2009

Early in the morning, on their first full day at the FBI Academy, 50 new-agent trainees, dressed in conservative suits and more than a little anxious about their new careers, stand as instructed by the assistant director of the FBI and raise their right hands. In unison, the trainees repeat the following words as they are sworn in as employees of the federal government:

  I [name] do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend

  the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign

  and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same;

  that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or

  purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the

  duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.

At the end of their academy training, and as part of the official graduation ceremony, these same new-agent trainees once again will stand, raise their right hands, and repeat the same oath. This time, however, the oath will be administered by the director of the FBI, and the trainees will be sworn in as special agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1) Similar types of ceremonies are conducted in every state, by every law enforcement agency, for every officer across the country. And, each officer promises to do one fundamentally important thing--support and defend the Constitution of the United States.

All too often in our culture, we participate in ceremonies and follow instructions without taking the time to contemplate and understand the meaning and significance of our actions. This article attempts to shed some light on the purpose and history of the oath and to further enhance our understanding of the Constitution that we as law enforcement officers solemnly swear to uphold. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2194/is_9_78/ai_n35676007/

 'No one is above the law,' Holder says of torture inquiry  April 22nd, 2009

  Confirmation hearings: Holder: 'Waterboarding is torture'  January 15, 2009

With just three words, Attorney General-designate Eric Holder capped years of angry debate over U.S. counterterrorism policy and declared a major break from the Bush administration. "Waterboarding is torture," said Holder, President-elect Barack Obama's pick to run the Justice Department.
 

FIGHTING TERROR Holder's blunt response to the first question at his confirmation hearing Thursday was one that many on the Senate Judiciary Committee had sought after years of non-answers on the subject from Attorney General Michael Mukasey and his predecessor, Alberto Gonzales.

Asked whether a president might have the power to immunize people against criminal charges if they employ waterboarding, which creates a drowning-like sensation, to obtain intelligence, Holder answered unambiguously: "No one is above the law." He said the United States must not use the tactic regardless of the circumstances.

His testimony was just the latest sign that Obama will chart a different course than President Bush in combatting terrorism. As recently as last week, Vice President Dick Cheney defended waterboarding, saying it provided valuable intelligence. As a practical matter, Holder said torture does not lead to reliable intelligence. And on principle, he said the United States needed to live up to its own high standards, even in the face of terrorism.  http://www.startribune.com/politics/37686304.html

The FBI Going Rogue - - John W. Whitehear, Attorney and author February 13, 2011 ...The history of the FBI is the history of how America -- once a nation that abided by the rule of law and held the government accountable for its actions -- has steadily devolved into a police state where laws are unidirectional, intended as a tool for government to control the people and rarely the other way around.

Yet it was during the social and political upheaval of the 1960s that the FBI's transformation into a federal policing and surveillance agency really began, one aimed not so much at the criminal element but at those who challenged the status quo -- namely, those expressing anti-government sentiments. According to J. Edgar Hoover, the FBI's first and most infamous director,

 "the United States was confronted with 'a new style in conspiracy--conspiracy that is extremely subtle and devious and hence difficult to understand... a conspiracy reflected by questionable moods and attitudes, by unrestrained individualism, by nonconformism in dress and speech, even by obscene language, rather than by formal membership in specific organizations.'"

"Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, Jr.]"   16 April 1963 My Dear Fellow Clergymen:  While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities "unwise and untimely." Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work. But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.  http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html

Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, March 26, 1964   Attribution  Library of Congress: After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X founded Muslim Mosque, Inc., a religious organization,  and the Organization of Afro-American Unity, a secular group that advocated black nationalism. On March 26, 1964, he met Martin Luther King, Jr. in Washington, D.C., after a press conference which followed both men attending the Senate to hear the debate on the Civil Rights bill. This was the only time the two  men ever met; their meeting lasted only one minute,[108] just long enough for photographers to take a picture.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X 

Chapter 25: Malcolm X  He was an eloquent spokesman for his point of view and no one can honestly doubt that Malcolm had a great concern for the problems that we face as a race. While we did not always see eye to eye on methods to solve the race problems, I always had a deep affection for Malcolm and felt that he had the great ability to put his finger on the existence and root of the problem.  http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/home/pa... 

FBI informants in the civil rights movement and reports from field offices kept the Bureau's headquarters informed of developments in the civil rights field. The FBI's presence was so intrusive that one major figure in the civil rights movement testified that his colleagues referred to themselves as members of "the FBI's golden record club." 3

The FBI's formal program to discredit Dr. King with Government officials began with the distribution of a "monograph" which the FBI realized could "be regarded as a personal attack on Martin Luther King," 4 and which was subsequently described by a Justice Department official as "a personal diatribe ... a personal attack without evidentiary support." 5

Congressional leaders were warned "off the record" about alleged dangers posed by Reverend King. The FBI responded to Dr. King's receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize by attempting to undermine his reception by foreign heads of state and American ambassadors in the countries that be planned to visit. When Dr. King returned to the United States, steps were taken to reduce support for a huge banquet and a special "day" that were being planned in his honor.

The campaign against Dr. King included attempts to destroy the Southern Christian Leadership Conference by cutting off its sources of funds. The FBI considered, and on some occasions executed, plans to cut off the support of some of the SCLC's major contributors, including religious organizations, a labor union, and donors of grants such as the Ford Foundation. One FBI field office recommended that the FBI send letters to the SCLC's donors over Dr. King's forged signature warning them that the SCLC was under investigation by the Internal Revenue Service. The IRS files on Dr. King and the SCLC were carefully scrutinized for financial irregularities. For over a year, the FBI unsuccessfully attempted to establish that Dr. King had a secret foreign bank account in which he was sequestering funds.   http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIb.htm

An FBI Snitch in Every Hood: Soledad O’Brien’s New CNN Black History Conspiracy Special    Feb: 18, 2011

The FBI budget for Fiscal Year 1976 programmed a total of  $7,401,000 for the<